Ua tsaug rau koj tuaj xyuas Nature.com.Koj siv lub browser version nrog kev txhawb nqa CSS tsawg.Rau qhov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws, peb xav kom koj siv qhov browser tshiab (lossis lov tes taw Compatibility Hom hauv Internet Explorer).Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau xyuas kom muaj kev txhawb nqa tsis tu ncua, peb qhia lub vev xaib tsis muaj qauv thiab JavaScript.
Qhia ib lub carousel ntawm peb slides ib zaug.Siv cov nyees khawm dhau los thiab Tom ntej kom txav mus los ntawm peb qhov swb ib zaug, lossis siv cov khawm slider thaum kawg kom txav mus los ntawm peb qhov swb ib zaug.
Cov cua sov hauv tsev thiab cua txias feem ntau siv cov khoom siv capillary.Kev siv cov kauv capillaries tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau cov khoom siv tub yees hauv lub cev.Capillary siab feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm capillary geometry, xws li ntev, qhov nruab nrab txoj kab uas hla thiab qhov deb ntawm lawv.Kab lus no tsom rau cov nyhuv ntawm capillary ntev ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev.Peb lub capillaries ntawm qhov ntev sib txawv tau siv hauv kev sim.Cov ntaub ntawv rau R152a tau tshuaj xyuas nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv los ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ntev sib txawv.Kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws yog ua tiav ntawm evaporator kub ntawm -12 ° C thiab capillary ntev ntawm 3.65 m.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kab ke nce nrog nce capillary ntev mus rau 3.65 m piv rau 3.35 m thiab 3.96 m.Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm ntev ntawm lub capillary nce los ntawm ib tug npaum li cas, qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub system nce.Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim tau muab piv nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev suav cov kua dej dynamics (CFD).
Lub tub yees yog ib qho khoom siv tub yees uas muaj cov khoom siv insulated, thiab lub tub yees yog ib qho system uas tsim kom muaj cua txias hauv ib qho chaw insulated.Kev txias txias yog txhais raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem tawm cov cua sov ntawm ib qho chaw lossis cov khoom siv thiab hloov cov cua sov mus rau lwm qhov chaw lossis cov khoom siv.Cov tub yees tam sim no tau siv dav los khaws cov khoom noj uas ua rau qhov kub thiab txias, kev lwj los ntawm cov kab mob loj hlob thiab lwm cov txheej txheem qeeb qeeb hauv cov tub yees txias.Cov tub yees yog cov dej ua haujlwm siv los ua cov dab dej kub lossis cov tub yees hauv cov txheej txheem tub yees.Cov tub yees khaws cov cua sov los ntawm evaporating ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab tom qab ntawd condense ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tso cua sov.Cov chav zoo li tau txias dua li cov cua sov tawm ntawm lub freezer.Cov txheej txheem cua txias yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug system uas muaj ib tug compressor, condenser, capillary hlab thiab ib tug evaporator.Cov tub yees yog cov khoom siv tub yees siv hauv txoj kev tshawb no.Cov tub yees tau siv dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb, thiab cov khoom siv no tau dhau los ua khoom siv hauv tsev.Cov tub yees niaj hnub no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm, tab sis kev tshawb fawb los txhim kho lub kaw lus tseem ua tsis tau.Lub ntsiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm R134a yog tias nws tsis paub tias muaj tshuaj lom tab sis muaj lub ntiaj teb ua kom sov siab heev (GWP).R134a rau cov tub yees hauv tsev tau suav nrog hauv Kyoto Protocol ntawm United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change1,2.Txawm li cas los xij, yog li ntawd, kev siv R134a yuav tsum tau txo qis 3.Los ntawm ib puag ncig, nyiaj txiag thiab kev noj qab haus huv taw tes ntawm view, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nrhiav tau lub ntiaj teb no warming 4 refrigerants.Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj tias R152a yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg refrigerant.Mohanraj et al.5 tau tshawb xyuas qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev siv R152a thiab hydrocarbon refrigerants hauv cov tub yees hauv tsev.Hydrocarbons tau pom tias tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cov tub yees nyob ib leeg.R152a yog ntau lub zog txuag thiab ib puag ncig zoo dua li cov tub yees theem.Bolaji thiab lwm yam.6.Kev ua tau zoo ntawm peb tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig HFC cov tub yees tau muab piv rau hauv lub tub yees vapor compression.Lawv xaus lus tias R152a tuaj yeem siv rau hauv vapor compression systems thiab tuaj yeem hloov R134a.R32 muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li high voltage thiab qis coefficient ntawm kev ua tau zoo (COP).Bolaji et al.7 tau sim R152a thiab R32 hloov pauv rau R134a hauv tsev tub yees.Raws li kev tshawb fawb, qhov nruab nrab efficiency ntawm R152a yog 4.7% siab dua li ntawm R134a.Cabello et al.kuaj R152a thiab R134a hauv cov khoom siv tub yees nrog hermetic compressors.8. Bolaji et al9 tau sim R152a tub yees hauv lub tshuab tub yees.Lawv xaus lus tias R152a yog lub zog siv zog tshaj plaws, nrog 10.6% tsawg dua qhov muaj peev xwm txias ib tuj dua li yav dhau los R134a.R152a qhia tau hais tias muaj peev xwm ua kom txias dua thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.Chavhan et al.10 soj ntsuam cov yam ntxwv ntawm R134a thiab R152a.Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm ob lub tub yees, R152a tau pom tias yog lub zog siv zog tshaj plaws.R152a yog 3.769% ntau npaum li R134a thiab tuaj yeem siv los hloov pauv ncaj qha.Bolaji et al.11 tau tshawb xyuas ntau yam tsawg-GWP tub yees li hloov rau R134a hauv cov tub yees vim lawv qhov qis dua lub ntiaj teb ua kom sov.Ntawm cov tub yees ntsuas, R152a muaj lub zog ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws, txo cov hluav taws xob siv ib tonne ntawm tub yees los ntawm 30.5% piv rau R134a.Raws li cov kws sau ntawv, R161 yuav tsum tau rov tsim dua tshiab ua ntej nws tuaj yeem siv los hloov.Ntau yam kev sim ua haujlwm tau ua los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tub yees hauv tsev los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm qis-GWP thiab R134a-blended refrigerant systems raws li kev hloov tom ntej hauv tub yees systems12,13,14,15,16,17,18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 Baskaran et al.24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 tau kawm txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm ntau cov tub yees zoo ib puag ncig thiab lawv kev sib xyaw nrog R134a ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau ntau yam vapor compression kuaj.Qhov system.Tiwari et al.36 siv cov kev sim thiab CFD tsom xam los sib piv cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlab capillary nrog cov tub yees sib txawv thiab cov raj diameters.Siv ANSYS CFX software rau kev txheeb xyuas.Qhov zoo tshaj plaws helical kauj tsim yog pom zoo.Punia et al.16 tshawb xyuas cov nyhuv ntawm capillary ntev, txoj kab uas hla thiab coil txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov loj ntawm LPG refrigerant los ntawm ib tug kauv kauj.Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb, kev kho qhov ntev ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv thaj tsam ntawm 4.5 mus rau 2.5 m tso cai rau kev nce qhov loj ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 25%.Söylemez et al.16 tau ua ib qho CFD tsom xam ntawm lub tsev fridge freshness compartment (DR) siv peb qhov sib txawv turbulent (ntses) qauv kom tau txais kev pom rau qhov txias ceev ntawm lub freshness compartment thiab qhov kub thiab txias faib nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab compartment thaum loading.Cov kev kwv yees ntawm tus qauv CFD tsim kom pom tseeb qhia txog huab cua ntws thiab qhov kub thiab txias hauv FFC.
Kab lus no tham txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb los txiav txim siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub yees hauv tsev siv R152a refrigerant, uas yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ozone depletion peev (ODP).
Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, 3.35 m, 3.65 m thiab 3.96 m capillaries raug xaiv los ua qhov chaw sim.Cov kev sim no tau ua tiav nrog lub ntiaj teb ua kom sov tsawg R152a tub yees thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis raug suav.Tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tub yees hauv lub capillary kuj tau txheeb xyuas siv CFD software.Cov txiaj ntsig CFD tau muab piv nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev sim.
Raws li pom hauv daim duab 1, koj tuaj yeem pom daim duab ntawm 185 litres hauv tsev tub yees siv rau kev kawm.Nws muaj cov evaporator, ib qho hermetic reciprocating compressor thiab cua txias condenser.Plaub lub ntsuas ntsuas siab tau teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob inlet, condenser inlet thiab evaporator qhov hluav taws xob.Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev vibration thaum kuaj, cov ntsuas no yog vaj huam sib luag mounted.Txhawm rau nyeem qhov ntsuas kub ntawm thermocouple, tag nrho cov xov hlau thermocouple txuas nrog lub tshuab ntsuas thermocouple.Kaum ntsuas ntsuas kub tau nruab rau ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev vaporator, compressor suction, compressor tawm, tub yees compartment thiab inlet, condenser inlet, lub freezer compartment thiab condenser qhov hluav taws xob.Qhov hluav taws xob thiab kev siv tam sim no kuj tau tshaj tawm.Ib tug flowmeter txuas nrog ib feem ntawm cov yeeb nkab yog tsau rau ntawm lub rooj ntoo.Cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg txhua 10 vib nas this siv Human Machine Interface (HMI) unit.Cov iav pom yog siv los xyuas qhov sib xws ntawm cov condensate ntws.
Ib tug Selec MFM384 ammeter nrog input voltage ntawm 100-500 V tau siv los ntsuas lub zog thiab lub zog.Ib qho kev pabcuam qhov chaw nres nkoj tau nruab rau saum lub compressor rau kev them nyiaj thiab rov ua cov tub yees.Thawj kauj ruam yog kom ntws cov dej noo los ntawm qhov system los ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj pabcuam.Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev, yaug nws nrog nitrogen.Lub kaw lus raug them siv lub tshuab nqus tsev twj, uas khiav tawm lub tsev mus rau qhov siab ntawm -30 mmHg.Table 1 teev cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv tub yees hauv tsev, thiab Table 2 teev cov nqi ntsuas, nrog rau lawv qhov ntau thiab qhov raug.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tub yees siv hauv cov tub yees hauv tsev thiab lub freezers tau qhia hauv Table 3.
Kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm ASHRAE Phau Ntawv Qhia 2010 raws li hauv qab no:
Tsis tas li ntawd, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub, cov kev kuaj xyuas tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov rov ua dua ntawm cov txiaj ntsig.Tsuav qhov kev ua haujlwm tseem nyob ruaj khov, qhov kub thiab txias, siab, cov tub yees txaus thiab lub zog siv tau raug kaw.Kub, siab, lub zog, lub zog thiab ntws yog ntsuas los txiav txim siab qhov kev ua haujlwm.Nrhiav qhov ua kom txias thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo rau qhov tshwj xeeb huab cua ntws thiab lub zog ntawm qhov ntsuas kub.
Siv CFD los txheeb xyuas ob-theem ntws hauv lub tsev tub yees kauv coil, cov nyhuv ntawm capillary ntev tuaj yeem xam tau yooj yim.CFD tsom xam ua rau nws yooj yim mus taug qab qhov txav ntawm cov kua dej.Lub refrigerant dhau los ntawm sab hauv ntawm cov kauv kauj tau txheeb xyuas siv CFD FLUENT program.Table 4 qhia txog qhov ntev ntawm cov capillary coils.
Lub FLUENT software mesh simulator yuav tsim cov qauv tsim qauv thiab mesh (Daim duab 2, 3 thiab 4 qhia ANSYS Fluent version).Cov kua ntim ntawm cov yeeb nkab yog siv los tsim cov ciam teb mesh.Qhov no yog daim phiaj siv rau qhov kev kawm no.
Tus qauv CFD tau tsim los siv ANSYS FLUENT platform.Tsuas yog lub ntiaj teb txav dej yog sawv cev, yog li qhov ntws ntawm txhua lub capillary serpentine yog ua qauv raws li txoj kab uas hla ntawm capillary.
Tus qauv GEOMETRY tau raug xa mus rau hauv ANSYS MESH program.ANSYS sau code qhov twg ANSYS yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov qauv thiab ntxiv ciam teb.Ntawm daim duab.4 qhia cov yeeb nkab-3 (3962.4 mm) qauv hauv ANSYS FLUENT.Tetrahedral ntsiab muab siab dua uniformity, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 5. Tom qab tsim lub ntsiab mesh, cov ntaub ntawv tau txais kev cawmdim raws li ib tug mesh.Sab ntawm lub kauj yog hu ua lub inlet, thaum lub sab nraud ntsib lub qhov hluav taws xob.Cov ntsej muag puag ncig no tau txais kev cawmdim raws li cov phab ntsa ntawm cov yeeb nkab.Cov xov xwm ua kua yog siv los tsim cov qauv.
Txawm hais tias tus neeg siv xav li cas txog lub siab, qhov kev daws teeb meem raug xaiv thiab xaiv 3D.Cov qauv tsim hluav taws xob tau raug qhib.
Thaum lub ndlwg yog suav tias yog chaotic, nws yog heev non-linear.Yog li ntawd, K-epsilon ntws tau raug xaiv.
Yog tias tus neeg siv cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb raug xaiv, ib puag ncig yuav yog: Piav txog cov khoom siv thermodynamic ntawm R152a tub yees.Daim ntawv tus cwj pwm raug muab khaws cia ua cov khoom siv database.
Huab cua tej yam kev mob tseem tsis hloov.Ib qho kev tawm nrawm tau txiav txim siab, qhov siab ntawm 12.5 bar thiab qhov kub ntawm 45 ° C tau piav qhia.
Thaum kawg, ntawm qhov thib kaum tsib iteration, qhov kev daws teeb meem yog sim thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm kaum tsib iteration, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 7.
Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm daim ntawv qhia thiab txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig.Lub ntsiab lus siab thiab kub cov ntaub ntawv loops siv Monitor.Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov siab thiab qhov kub thiab txias thiab qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub tau txiav txim siab.Cov ntaub ntawv no qhia tau hais tias tag nrho cov kev poob siab nyob rau hauv cov coils (1, 2 thiab 3) nyob rau hauv daim duab 1 thiab 2. 7, 8 thiab 9 feem.Cov txiaj ntsig no tau muab rho tawm los ntawm qhov kev pab cuam khiav tawm.
Ntawm daim duab.10 qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm evaporation thiab capillary.Raws li tuaj yeem pom, qhov ua tau zoo nce ntxiv nrog qhov kub thiab txias evaporation.Qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab qis tshaj plaws tau txais thaum ncav cuag capillary spans ntawm 3.65 m thiab 3.96 m.Yog hais tias qhov ntev ntawm capillary yog nce los ntawm ib tug npaum li cas, lub efficiency yuav txo.
Qhov kev hloov pauv hauv lub peev xwm txias vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov evaporation thiab capillary ntev yog qhia hauv daim duab.11. Cov nyhuv capillary ua rau txo qis hauv lub peev xwm txias.Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txias peev yog ua tiav ntawm qhov kub ntawm -16 ° C.Lub peev xwm txias tshaj plaws yog pom nyob rau hauv capillaries nrog qhov ntev li ntawm 3.65 m thiab qhov kub ntawm -12 ° C.
Ntawm daim duab.12 qhia qhov kev cia siab ntawm lub zog compressor ntawm capillary ntev thiab evaporation kub.Tsis tas li ntawd, daim duab qhia tau hais tias lub zog txo qis nrog qhov ntev ntawm capillary thiab txo qis evaporation kub.Ntawm qhov kub ntawm evaporating ntawm -16 ° C, lub zog qis compressor tau txais nrog lub capillary ntev ntawm 3.96 m.
Cov ntaub ntawv sim uas twb muaj lawm tau siv los txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig CFD.Hauv qhov kev sim no, cov khoom siv nkag tau siv rau kev sim simulation yog siv rau CFD simulation.Cov txiaj ntsig tau txais yog muab piv nrog tus nqi ntawm lub siab zoo li qub.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tau tias qhov siab zoo li qub ntawm qhov tawm ntawm lub capillary tsawg dua ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub raj.Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim qhia tau hais tias qhov ntev ntawm capillary nce mus rau qee qhov kev txwv txo qis qis.Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov txo qis qis qis ntawm qhov nkag thiab qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub capillary nce qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub tub yees.Cov txiaj ntsig tau txais CFD tau pom zoo nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev sim uas twb muaj lawm.Cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem tau pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 1 thiab 2. 13, 14, 15 thiab 16. Peb lub capillaries ntawm qhov ntev sib txawv tau siv rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no.Lub raj ntev yog 3.35m, 3.65m thiab 3.96m.Nws tau pom tias qhov kev poob siab zoo li qub ntawm capillary inlet thiab qhov hluav taws xob tau nce thaum lub raj ntev tau hloov mus rau 3.35m.Tsis tas li ntawd nco ntsoov tias qhov hluav taws xob siab nyob rau hauv capillary nce nrog cov yeeb nkab loj ntawm 3.35 m.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub siab poob ntawm qhov nkag thiab qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub capillary txo qis thaum cov yeeb nkab loj nce ntawm 3.35 txog 3.65 m.Nws tau pom tias qhov siab ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub capillary poob qis heev ntawm qhov hluav taws xob.Vim li no, qhov ua tau zoo nce nrog qhov ntev capillary.Tsis tas li ntawd, ua kom cov yeeb nkab ntev ntawm 3.65 mus rau 3.96 m dua txo qhov kev poob siab.Nws tau raug pom tias dhau qhov ntev no lub siab poob qis hauv qab qhov zoo tshaj plaws.Qhov no txo qhov COP ntawm lub tub yees.Yog li ntawd, qhov ntsuas kub zoo li qub qhia tau tias 3.65 m capillary muab qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub tub yees.Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nce siab hauv kev poob siab nce lub zog noj.
Los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim, nws tuaj yeem pom tias lub peev xwm txias ntawm R152a refrigerant txo qis nrog cov yeeb nkab ntev.Thawj kauj muaj lub peev xwm txias tshaj plaws (-12 ° C) thiab lub kauj thib peb muaj qhov cua txias tshaj plaws (-16 ° C).Kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws yog ua tiav ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm -12 ° C thiab capillary ntev ntawm 3.65 m.Lub zog compressor txo qis nrog nce capillary ntev.Lub zog compressor input yog siab tshaj plaws ntawm evaporator kub ntawm -12 ° C thiab yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm -16 ° C.Sib piv CFD thiab downstream siab nyeem ntawv rau capillary ntev.Nws tuaj yeem pom tias qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam ntawm ob qho tib si.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kab ke nce ntxiv raws li qhov ntev ntawm cov capillary nce mus rau 3.65 m piv rau 3.35 m thiab 3.96 m.Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm ntev ntawm lub capillary nce los ntawm ib tug npaum li cas, qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub system nce.
Txawm hais tias daim ntawv thov ntawm CFD rau thermal thiab fais fab nroj tsuag yuav txhim kho peb txoj kev nkag siab ntawm lub zog thiab physics ntawm thermal tsom xam kev ua haujlwm, cov kev txwv yuav tsum muaj kev txhim kho sai, yooj yim dua, thiab tsis tshua muaj nqi CFD txoj kev.Qhov no yuav pab peb txhim kho thiab tsim cov khoom siv uas twb muaj lawm.Kev nce qib hauv CFD software yuav tso cai rau kev tsim thiab kev ua kom zoo dua qub, thiab kev tsim CFDs hauv Internet yuav ua rau muaj kev siv thev naus laus zis.Tag nrho cov kev nce qib no yuav pab CFD los ua ib qho kev paub tab thiab muaj zog engineering cuab yeej.Yog li, daim ntawv thov ntawm CFD hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yuav ua kom dav dua thiab sai dua yav tom ntej.
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Post lub sij hawm: Jan-14-2023