Ua tsaug rau koj tuaj xyuas Nature.com.Koj siv lub browser version nrog kev txhawb nqa CSS tsawg.Rau qhov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws, peb xav kom koj siv qhov browser tshiab (lossis lov tes taw Compatibility Hom hauv Internet Explorer).Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau xyuas kom muaj kev txhawb nqa tsis tu ncua, peb qhia lub vev xaib tsis muaj qauv thiab JavaScript.
Qhia ib lub carousel ntawm peb slides ib zaug.Siv cov nyees khawm dhau los thiab Tom ntej kom txav mus los ntawm peb qhov swb ib zaug, lossis siv cov khawm slider thaum kawg kom txav mus los ntawm peb qhov swb ib zaug.
Carbon capture thiab cia yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj ntawm Paris Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo.Photosynthesis yog xwm txheej tshuab rau ntes carbon.Teeb duab kev tshoov siab los ntawm lichens, peb tau tsim 3D cyanobacteria photosynthetic biocomposite (ie mimicking lichen) siv cov acrylic latex polymer siv rau lub loofah daim txhuam cev.Tus nqi ntawm CO2 uptake los ntawm biocomposite yog 1.57 ± 0.08 g CO2 g-1 ntawm biomass d-1.Tus nqi nce ntxiv yog ua raws li cov khoom siv biomass qhuav thaum pib ntawm qhov kev sim thiab suav nrog CO2 siv los loj hlob biomass tshiab nrog rau CO2 muaj nyob hauv cov khoom sib xyaw xws li carbohydrates.Cov kev nce siab no yog 14-20 npaug siab dua li kev ntsuas slurry thiab tuaj yeem ua kom muaj peev xwm nce mus txog 570 t CO2 t-1 biomass ib xyoo-1, sib npaug rau 5.5-8.17 × 106 hectares ntawm kev siv av, tshem tawm 8-12 GtCO2. CO2 ib xyoos twg.Nyob rau hauv sib piv, hav zoov bioenergy nrog carbon capture thiab cia yog 0.4–1.2 × 109 ha.Cov biocomposite tseem ua haujlwm tau 12 lub lis piam tsis muaj cov as-ham ntxiv lossis dej, tom qab ntawd qhov kev sim raug txiav tawm.Nyob rau hauv tib neeg txoj kev siv thev naus laus zis ntau yam los tawm tsam kev hloov pauv huab cua, tsim kho thiab ua kom zoo dua cyanobacterial biocomposites muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj zog ntxiv kom tshem tawm CO2 thaum txo cov dej, khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev siv av.
Kev hloov pauv huab cua yog qhov kev hem thawj tiag tiag rau ntiaj teb biodiversity, ecosystem stability thiab tib neeg.Txhawm rau txo nws cov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo, kev sib koom tes thiab kev ua haujlwm loj decarburization yog xav tau, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev tshem tawm ncaj qha ntawm tsev cog khoom gases los ntawm huab cua.Txawm hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo decarbonization ntawm hluav taws xob tiam 2,3, tam sim no tsis muaj kev lag luam kev lag luam ruaj khov los txo qis atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2)4, txawm hais tias flue gas capture yog nce 5.Es tsis txhob scalable thiab cov tswv yim engineering daws teeb meem, tib neeg yuav tsum tig mus rau ntuj engineers rau carbon capture - cov kab mob photosynthetic (cov kab mob phototrophic).Photosynthesis yog xwm txheej carbon sequestration thev naus laus zis, tab sis nws lub peev xwm los thim rov qab anthropogenic carbon enrichment ntawm lub sij hawm muaj txiaj ntsig yog nug tau, enzymes tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab nws lub peev xwm los xa mus rau qhov tsim nyog teev yog questionable.Lub peev xwm avenue rau phototrophy yog afforestation, uas txiav ntoo rau bioenergy nrog carbon capture thiab cia (BECCS) raws li ib tug tsis zoo-emissions technology uas yuav pab tau kom txo tau net CO21 emissions.Txawm li cas los xij, kom ua tiav daim ntawv cog lus Paris kub lub hom phiaj ntawm 1.5 ° C siv BECCS raws li txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb yuav xav tau 0.4 txog 1.2 × 109 ha, sib npaug rau 25-75% ntawm thaj av tam sim no thoob ntiaj teb 6.Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis paub tseeb cuam tshuam nrog kev cuam tshuam thoob ntiaj teb ntawm CO2 fertilization hu rau lo lus nug txog qhov ua tau zoo tag nrho ntawm hav zoov cog qoob loo7.Yog tias peb xav kom ncav cuag qhov kub ntawm lub hom phiaj uas tau teev tseg los ntawm Paris Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo, 100 vib nas this ntawm GtCO2 ntawm cov tsev cog khoom gases (GGR) yuav tsum raug tshem tawm ntawm huab cua txhua xyoo.UK Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab tsis ntev los no tau tshaj tawm nyiaj txiag rau tsib txoj haujlwm GGR8 suav nrog kev tswj hwm peatland, txhim kho pob zeb huab cua, cog ntoo, biochar thiab cov qoob loo txhua xyoo los pub cov txheej txheem BECCS.Tus nqi ntawm kev tshem tawm ntau dua 130 MtCO2 los ntawm huab cua hauv ib xyoos yog 10-100 US $ / tCO2, 0.2-8.1 MtCO2 ib xyoos rau kev kho cov av peatland, 52-480 US$ / tCO2 thiab 12-27 MtCO2 ib xyoos twg rau huab cua ntawm pob zeb , 0.4-30 USD / xyoo.tCO2, 3.6 MtCO2/yr, 1% nce hauv hav zoov, 0.4-30 US$/tCO2, 6-41 MtCO2/yr, biochar, 140-270 US$/tCO2, 20 – 70 Mt CO2 ib xyoo rau cov qoob loo mus tas li. BECCS 9.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 130 Mt CO2 ib xyoos lub hom phiaj, tab sis cov nqi ntawm pob zeb huab cua thiab BECCS yog siab, thiab biochar, txawm tias pheej yig thiab tsis siv av cuam tshuam, xav tau cov khoom noj rau cov txheej txheem biochar.muab qhov kev txhim kho no thiab tus lej los siv lwm yam GGR thev naus laus zis.
Es tsis txhob nrhiav kev daws teeb meem ntawm thaj av, nrhiav dej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib leeg-celled phototrophs xws li microalgae thiab cyanobacteria10.Algae (xws li cyanobacteria) ntes kwv yees li 50% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov pa roj carbon dioxide, txawm hais tias lawv suav tsuas yog 1% ntawm lub ntiaj teb biomass11.Cyanobacteria yog qhov qub biogeoengineers, nteg lub hauv paus rau kev ua pa metabolism thiab evolution ntawm multicellular lub neej los ntawm oxygenic photosynthesis12.Lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv cyanobacteria los ntes cov pa roj carbon tsis yog qhov tshiab, tab sis cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm kev tso lub cev qhib lub qab ntug tshiab rau cov kab mob qub no.
Qhib cov pas dej thiab photobioreactors yog cov khoom muaj nqis thaum siv microalgae thiab cyanobacteria rau kev lag luam.Cov kab lis kev cai no siv cov kab lis kev cai raug tshem tawm uas cov hlwb ntab dawb hauv qhov kev loj hlob nruab nrab14;Txawm li cas los xij, cov pas dej thiab cov photobioreactors muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo xws li kev hloov pauv CO2 tsis zoo, kev siv av thiab dej ntau, kev cuam tshuam rau biofouling, thiab kev tsim kho siab thiab kev ua haujlwm raug nqi 15,16.Biofilm bioreactors uas tsis siv cov kab lis kev cai raug tshem tawm yog kev lag luam ntau dua ntawm cov dej thiab qhov chaw, tab sis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau desiccation, ua rau biofilm detachment (thiab yog li poob ntawm cov khoom siv biomass), thiab sib npaug rau biofouling17.
Cov txheej txheem tshiab yuav tsum tau ua kom nce tus nqi ntawm CO2 uptake thiab daws cov teeb meem uas txwv slurry thiab biofilm reactors.Ib txoj hauv kev zoo li no yog photosynthetic biocomposites tshwm sim los ntawm lichens.Lichens yog ib tug complex ntawm fungi thiab photobionts (microalgae thiab / los yog cyanobacteria) uas npog kwv yees li 12% ntawm lub ntiaj teb thaj av18.Cov fungi muab kev txhawb nqa lub cev, kev tiv thaiv, thiab anching ntawm photobiotic substrate, uas nyob rau hauv lem muab cov fungi nrog carbon (raws li ntau tshaj photosynthetic khoom).Lub tswv yim biocomposite yog "lichen mimetic", nyob rau hauv uas cov pej xeem muaj zog ntawm cyanobacteria yog immobilized nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug nyias biocoating ntawm ib tug cab kuj substrate.Ntxiv nrog rau cov hlwb, biocoating muaj cov polymer matrix uas tuaj yeem hloov cov fungus.Cov dej-raws li polymer emulsions lossis "latexes" yog qhov zoo dua vim tias lawv yog biocompatible, ruaj, pheej yig, yooj yim los tuav thiab muag muag 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.
Lub fixation ntawm hlwb nrog latex polymers yog heev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov latex thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov zaj duab xis tsim.Emulsion polymerization yog txheej txheem heterogeneous siv los tsim cov roj hmab hluavtaws, nplaum txheej, sealants, qhob additives, ntawv thiab textile coatings, thiab latex paints27.Nws muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm qhov zoo dua lwm txoj kev polymerization, xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv siab thiab monomer conversion efficiency, nrog rau kev yooj yim ntawm cov khoom tswj 27,28.Kev xaiv ntawm monomers nyob ntawm seb cov khoom xav tau ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab polymer, thiab rau cov tshuab sib xyaw monomer (ie, copolymerizations), cov khoom ntawm cov polymer tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm kev xaiv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov monomers uas tsim cov khoom siv polymer.Butyl acrylate thiab styrene yog cov feem ntau siv acrylic latex monomers thiab siv ntawm no.Tsis tas li ntawd, coalescing agents (xws li Texanol) feem ntau yog siv los txhawb kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab uas lawv tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom ntawm cov polymer latex los ua kom muaj zog thiab "nruam" (coalescing) txheej.Hauv peb qhov kev tshawb fawb thawj zaug-ntawm-lub tswv yim, thaj chaw siab, siab porosity 3D biocomposite tau tsim los siv cov xim pleev xim ua lag luam siv rau lub loofah daim txhuam cev.Tom qab ua haujlwm ntev thiab tsis tu ncua (yim lub lis piam), biocomposite pom tias muaj peev xwm khaws cia cyanobacteria ntawm lub loofah scaffold vim tias kev loj hlob ntawm tes tsis muaj zog ua rau cov qauv kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov latex.Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no tam sim no, peb tsom los tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm acrylic latex polymers ntawm kev paub chemistry rau kev siv txuas ntxiv hauv cov ntawv siv carbon capture yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov polymer degradation.Hauv kev ua li ntawd, peb tau pom muaj peev xwm los tsim cov lichen-zoo li polymer matrix cov ntsiab lus uas muab kev txhim kho lom neeg thiab ua kom cov neeg kho tshuab elasticity ntau dua piv rau cov pov thawj biocomposites.Kev ua kom zoo ntxiv ntxiv yuav ua rau kom nce ntxiv ntawm biocomposites rau carbon capture, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua ke nrog cyanobacteria metabolically hloov los txhim kho CO2 sequestration.
Cuaj latexes nrog peb polymer formulations (H = "nyuaj", N = "ib txwm", S = "soft") thiab peb hom Texanol (0, 4, 12% v / v) raug kuaj rau toxicity thiab strain correlation.Adhesive.los ntawm ob cyanobacteria.Hom Latex cuam tshuam rau S. elongatus PCC 7942 (Shirer-Ray-Hare test, latex: DF=2, H=23.157, P=<0.001) thiab CCAP 1479/1A (ob txoj kev ANOVA, latex: DF=2, F = 103.93, P = < 0.001) (Fig. 1a).Qhov concentration ntawm texanol tsis cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm S. elongatus PCC 7942, tsuas yog N-latex tsis muaj tshuaj lom (Fig. 1a), thiab 0 N thiab 4 N tswj kev loj hlob ntawm 26% thiab 35%, feem (Mann- Whitney U, 0 N vs 4 N: W = 13.50, P = 0.245; 0 N tiv thaiv kev tswj: W = 25.0, P = 0.061; 4 N tiv thaiv kev tswj: W = 25.0, P = 0.061) thiab 12 N tswj kev loj hlob piv rau biological tswj (Mann-Whitney University, 12 N vs. tswj: W = 17.0, P = 0.885).Rau S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A, ob qho tib si latex sib tov thiab texanol concentration yog ib qho tseem ceeb, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm ob (ob txoj kev ANOVA, latex: DF = 2, F = 103.93, P = <0.001, Texanol : DF=2, F=5.96, P=0.01, Latex*Texanol: DF=4, F=3.41, P=0.03).0 N thiab tag nrho cov "mos" latexes txhawb kev loj hlob (Fig. 1a).Muaj ib qho kev nyiam los txhim kho kev loj hlob nrog kev txo qis styrene muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Kev kuaj tshuaj lom thiab adhesion ntawm cyanobacteria (Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 thiab CCAP 1479/1A) rau latex formulations, kev sib raug zoo nrog iav hloov kub (Tg) thiab kev txiav txim matrix raws li cov ntaub ntawv toxicity thiab adhesion.(a) Kev kuaj toxicity tau ua los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cyanobacteria normalized los tswj kev ncua kab lis kev cai.Kev kho mob cim nrog * yog qhov txawv ntawm kev tswj hwm.(b) Cyanobacteria loj hlob cov ntaub ntawv piv rau Tg latex (txhais tau tias ± SD; n = 3).(c) Tus naj npawb ntawm cyanobacteria tso tawm los ntawm biocomposite adhesion test.(d) Adhesion data versus Tg of the latex (txhais tau tias ± StDev; n = 3).e Kev txiav txim siab matrix raws li cov ntaub ntawv toxicity thiab adhesion.Qhov piv ntawm styrene rau butyl acrylate yog 1: 3 rau "nyuaj" (H) latex, 1: 1 rau "li qub" (N) thiab 3: 1 rau "mos" (S).Cov lej yav dhau los hauv latex code sib haum rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm Texanol.
Feem ntau, cell viability txo nrog nce texanol concentration, tab sis tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo rau ib qho ntawm cov kab mob (CCAP 1479/1A: DF = 25, r = -0.208, P = 0.299; PCC 7942: DF = 25, r = – 0.127, P = 0.527).Ntawm daim duab.1b qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cell loj hlob thiab iav hloov kub (Tg).Muaj kev sib raug zoo tsis zoo ntawm texanol concentration thiab Tg qhov tseem ceeb (H-latex: DF=7, r=-0.989, P=<0.001; N-latex: DF=7, r=-0.964, P = <0.001 ; S- latex: DF=7, r=-0.946, P=<0.001).Cov ntaub ntawv tau pom tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws Tg rau kev loj hlob ntawm S. elongatus PCC 7942 yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 17 ° C (Daim duab 1b), thaum S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A nyiam Tg hauv qab 0 ° C (Daim duab 1b).Tsuas yog S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm Tg thiab cov ntaub ntawv toxicity (DF=25, r=-0.857, P=<0.001).
Tag nrho cov latexes muaj cov adhesion zoo, thiab tsis muaj leej twg tso tawm ntau tshaj 1% ntawm cov hlwb tom qab 72 h (Fig. 1c).Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov latexes ntawm ob hom S. elongatus (PCC 7942: Scheirer-Ray-Hara test, Latex * Texanol, DF = 4, H = 0.903; P = 0.924; CCAP 1479/1A: Scheirer- Ray test).- Hare test, latex*texanol, DF=4, H=3.277, P=0.513).Raws li qhov concentration ntawm Texanol nce, ntau lub hlwb raug tso tawm (Daim duab 1c).piv rau S. elongatus PCC 7942 (DF=25, r=-0.660, P=<0.001) (Daim duab 1d).Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm Tg thiab cell adhesion ntawm ob hom (PCC 7942: DF=25, r=0.301, P=0.127; CCAP 1479/1A: DF=25, r=0.287, P=0.147).
Rau ob hom, "nyuaj" latex polymers tsis zoo.Hauv qhov sib piv, 4N thiab 12N ua tau zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv S. elongatus PCC 7942, thaum 4S thiab 12S ua tau zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv CCAP 1479/1A (Fig. 1e), txawm hais tias muaj chaw kom meej meej rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov polymer matrix.Cov polymers no tau siv nyob rau hauv semi-batch net CO2 uptake tests.
Photophysiology tau saib xyuas rau 7 hnub siv cov hlwb raug tshem tawm hauv cov dej latex muaj pes tsawg leeg.Feem ntau, ob qho tib si qhov pom tseeb photosynthesis tus nqi (PS) thiab qhov siab tshaj PSII quantum tawm los (Fv / Fm) txo nrog lub sijhawm, tab sis qhov kev txo qis no tsis sib npaug thiab qee qhov PS datasets qhia cov lus teb biphasic, qhia txog cov lus teb ib nrab, txawm tias lub sijhawm rov qab los. luv dua PS kev ua si (Fig. 2a thiab 3b).Cov lus teb biphasic Fv/Fm tsawg dua (Figures 2b thiab 3b).
(a) Pom tseeb photosynthesis tus nqi (PS) thiab (b) siab tshaj PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm) ntawm Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 nyob rau hauv teb rau latex formulations piv rau tswj ncua kev kawm kab lis kev cai.Qhov piv ntawm styrene rau butyl acrylate yog 1: 3 rau "nyuaj" (H) latex, 1: 1 rau "li qub" (N) thiab 3: 1 rau "mos" (S).Cov lej yav dhau los hauv latex code sib haum rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm Texanol.(txhais tau tias ± tus qauv sib txawv; n = 3).
(a) Pom tseeb photosynthesis tus nqi (PS) thiab (b) siab tshaj PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm) ntawm Synechococcus elongatus CCAP 1479/1A nyob rau hauv teb rau latex formulations piv rau tswj ncua kev kawm kab lis kev cai.Qhov piv ntawm styrene rau butyl acrylate yog 1: 3 rau "nyuaj" (H) latex, 1: 1 rau "li qub" (N) thiab 3: 1 rau "mos" (S).Cov lej yav dhau los hauv latex code sib haum rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm Texanol.(txhais tau tias ± tus qauv sib txawv; n = 3).
Rau S. elongatus PCC 7942, latex muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab Texanol concentration tsis cuam tshuam PS lub sijhawm (GLM, Latex * Texanol * Sijhawm, DF = 28, F = 1.49, P = 0.07), txawm hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg yog qhov tseem ceeb (GLM)., latex*time, DF = 14, F = 3.14, P = <0.001) (Fig. 2a).Tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Texanol concentration nyob rau lub sijhawm (GLM, Texanol * sijhawm, DF = 14, F = 1.63, P = 0.078).Muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau Fv/Fm (GLM, Latex*Texanol*Time, DF=28, F=4.54, P=<0.001).Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm latex formulation thiab Texanol concentration tau cuam tshuam rau Fv / Fm (GLM, Latex * Texanol, DF = 4, F = 180.42, P = <0.001).Txhua qhov ntsuas kuj cuam tshuam rau Fv / Fm lub sijhawm (GLM, Latex * Sijhawm, DF = 14, F = 9.91, P = <0.001 thiab Texanol * Sijhawm, DF = 14, F = 10.71, P =< 0.001).Latex 12H tswj qhov nruab nrab qis tshaj PS thiab Fv/Fm qhov tseem ceeb (Fig. 2b), qhia tias cov polymer no muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua.
PS ntawm S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A yog qhov sib txawv loj heev (GLM, latex * Texanol * lub sijhawm, DF = 28, F = 2.75, P = <0.001), nrog cov latex muaj pes tsawg leeg ntau dua li Texanol concentration (GLM, Latex * sijhawm, DF =14, F=6.38, P=<0.001, GLM, Texanol*time, DF=14, F=1.26, P=0.239)."Soft" polymers 0S thiab 4S khaws cia siab me ntsis ntawm PS kev ua tau zoo dua li kev tswj kev ncua (Mann-Whitney U, 0S tiv thaiv kev tswj hwm, W = 686.0, P = 0.044, 4S tiv thaiv kev tswj hwm, W = 713, P = 0.01) thiab tuav ib qho zoo fv./Fm (Daim duab 3a) qhia tau tias kev thauj mus los tau zoo dua rau Photosystem II.Rau Fv/Fm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm CCAP 1479/1A hlwb, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm latex thaum lub sijhawm (GLM, Latex * Texanol * Sijhawm, DF = 28, F = 6.00, P = <0.001) (Daim duab 3b).).
Ntawm daim duab.4 qhia qhov nruab nrab PS thiab Fv / Fm hauv 7 hnub raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tes rau txhua hom.S. elongatus PCC 7942 tsis muaj tus qauv meej (Daim duab 4a thiab b), txawm li cas los xij, CCAP 1479/1A tau qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm PS (Fig. 4c) thiab Fv/Fm (Fig. 4d) qhov tseem ceeb raws li qhov Qhov sib piv ntawm styrene thiab butyl acrylate loj hlob nrog kev hloov pauv.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev loj hlob thiab photophysiology ntawm Synechococcus longum ntawm kev npaj latex.(a) Toxicity data plotted against apparent photosynthetic rate (PS), (b) siab tshaj PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of PCC 7942. c Toxicity data plotted against PS and d Fv/Fm CCAP 1479/1A.Qhov piv ntawm styrene rau butyl acrylate yog 1: 3 rau "nyuaj" (H) latex, 1: 1 rau "li qub" (N) thiab 3: 1 rau "mos" (S).Cov lej yav dhau los hauv latex code sib haum rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm Texanol.(txhais tau tias ± tus qauv sib txawv; n = 3).
Lub biocomposite PCC 7942 tau muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev tuav ntawm tes nrog cov cell leaching tseem ceeb hauv thawj plaub lub lis piam (Daim duab 5).Tom qab thawj theem ntawm CO2 uptake, hlwb kho nrog 12 N latex pib tso CO2, thiab cov qauv no tseem nyob nruab nrab ntawm hnub 4 thiab 14 (Fig. 5b).Cov ntaub ntawv no zoo ib yam nrog kev soj ntsuam ntawm pigment discoloration.Net CO2 uptake tau pib dua los ntawm hnub 18. Txawm hais tias kev tso tawm ntawm tes (Fig. 5a), PCC 7942 12 N biocomposite tseem khaws CO2 ntau dua li kev tswj kev ncua ntev li 28 hnub, txawm tias me ntsis (Mann-Whitney U-test, W = 2275.5; PIB = 0.066).Qhov kev nqus ntawm CO2 los ntawm latex 12 N thiab 4 N yog 0.51 ± 0.34 thiab 1.18 ± 0.29 g CO2 g-1 ntawm biomass d-1.Muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob thiab lub sijhawm (Chairer-Ray-Hare test, kho: DF = 2, H = 70.62, P = <0.001 lub sijhawm: DF = 13, H = 23.63, P = 0.034), tab sis nws tsis yog.muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev kho mob thiab sij hawm (Chairer-Ray-Har test, time*treatment: DF=26, H=8.70, P=0.999).
Ib nrab-batch CO2 uptake tests ntawm Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 biocomposites siv 4N thiab 12N latex.(a) Cov duab qhia txog kev tso tawm ntawm tes thiab pigment discoloration, nrog rau SEM cov duab ntawm biocomposite ua ntej thiab tom qab kuaj.Dawb dotted kab qhia qhov chaw ntawm cell deposition ntawm biocomposite.(b) Cuam tshuam net CO2 uptake dhau plaub lub lis piam."Normal" (N) latex muaj qhov sib piv ntawm styrene rau butyl acrylate ntawm 1: 1.Cov lej yav dhau los hauv latex code sib haum rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm Texanol.(txhais tau tias ± tus qauv sib txawv; n = 3).
Kev khaws cia ntawm tes tau txhim kho zoo rau cov kab mob CCAP 1479/1A nrog 4S thiab 12S, txawm hais tias cov xim maj mam hloov xim dhau sijhawm (Fig. 6a).Biocomposite CCAP 1479/1A absorbs CO2 rau tag nrho 84 hnub (12 lub lis piam) yam tsis muaj khoom noj ntxiv.SEM tsom xam (Fig. 6a) tau lees paub qhov pom kev pom ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes me me detachment.Thaum xub thawj, cov hlwb tau ntim rau hauv cov txheej latex uas tuav nws txoj kev ncaj ncees txawm tias cov cell loj hlob.Lub CO2 uptake tus nqi tau nce siab dua li pawg tswj hwm (Scheirer-Ray-Har kuaj, kho: DF = 2; H = 240.59; P = <0.001, sijhawm: DF = 42; H = 112; P = <0.001) ( Ib. 6b).12S biocomposite ua tiav qhov siab tshaj CO2 uptake (1.57 ± 0.08 g CO2 g-1 biomass ib hnub), thaum 4S latex yog 1.13 ± 0.41 g CO2 g-1 biomass ib hnub twg, tab sis lawv tsis txawv qhov txawv (Mann-Whitney U . test, W = 1507.50; P = 0.07) thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob thiab sij hawm (Shirer-Rey-Hara test, lub sij hawm * kev kho mob: DF = 82; H = 10 .37; P = 1.000).
Ib nrab CO2 uptake testing siv Synechococcus elongatus CCAP 1479/1A biocomposites nrog 4N thiab 12N latex.(a) Cov duab qhia txog kev tso tawm ntawm tes thiab pigment discoloration, nrog rau SEM cov duab ntawm biocomposite ua ntej thiab tom qab kuaj.Dawb dotted kab qhia qhov chaw ntawm cell deposition ntawm biocomposite.(b) Cuam tshuam net CO2 uptake nyob rau hauv kaum ob lub lis piam."Soft" (S) latex muaj qhov sib piv ntawm styrene rau butyl acrylate ntawm 1: 1.Cov lej yav dhau los hauv latex code sib haum rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm Texanol.(txhais tau tias ± tus qauv sib txawv; n = 3).
S. elongatus PCC 7942 (Shirer-Ray-Har test, time*treatment: DF=4, H=3.243, P=0.518) or biocomposite S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A (ob-ANOVA, time*treatment: DF=8 , F = 1.79, P = 0.119) (Fig. S4).Biocomposite PCC 7942 muaj cov ntsiab lus carbohydrate siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub lim tiam 2 (4 N = 59.4 ± 22.5 wt%, 12 N = 67.9 ± 3.3 wt%), thaum lub sijhawm tswj kev ncua muaj cov ntsiab lus carbohydrate siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub lim tiam 4 thaum (tswj = 59.6 ± 2.84% w/w).Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus carbohydrate ntawm CCAP 1479/1A biocomposite tau muab piv rau kev tswj kev ncua tshwj tsis yog thaum pib ntawm kev sim, nrog qee qhov kev hloov pauv hauv 12S latex ntawm lub lim tiam 4. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm biocomposite yog 51.9 ± 9.6 wt% rau 4S thiab 77.1 ± 17.0 wt% rau 12S.
Peb tau teeb tsa los ua kom pom cov qauv tsim los txhim kho cov qauv kev ntseeg siab ntawm nyias zaj duab xis latex polymer txheej ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lichen mimic biocomposite tswvyim yam tsis muaj kev txi biocompatibility lossis kev ua tau zoo.Tseeb tiag, yog tias cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm tes tau kov yeej, peb cia siab tias yuav txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm peb cov kev sim biocomposites, uas twb tau muab piv rau lwm cov cyanobacteria thiab microalgae carbon capture systems.
Cov txheej yuav tsum tsis muaj tshuaj lom, ruaj khov, txhawb nqa lub sijhawm ntev ntawm tes, thiab yuav tsum tau ntxeem tau los txhawb kev hloov pauv CO2 loj thiab O2 degassing.Latex-type acrylic polymers yog ib qho yooj yim los npaj thiab siv dav hauv cov xim, textile, thiab nplaum industries30.Peb ua ke cyanobacteria nrog dej-raws li acrylic latex polymer emulsion polymerized nrog ib qho piv txwv ntawm styrene / butyl acrylate hais thiab ntau qhov ntau ntawm Texanol.Styrene thiab butyl acrylate tau raug xaiv kom muaj peev xwm tswj tau lub cev lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog elasticity thiab coalescence efficiency ntawm txheej (tseem ceeb rau lub zog thiab nplaum txheej), tso cai rau cov synthesis ntawm "nyuaj" thiab "mos" particle aggregates.Toxicity cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias "nyuaj" latex nrog cov ntsiab lus siab styrene tsis zoo rau kev ciaj sia ntawm cyanobacteria.Tsis zoo li butyl acrylate, styrene yog suav tias yog tshuaj lom rau algae32,33.Cyanobacteria strains reacted heev txawv rau latex, thiab qhov optimum iav hloov kub (Tg) tau txiav txim rau S. elongatus PCC 7942, thaum S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A qhia ib tug tsis zoo linear kev sib raug zoo nrog Tg.
Qhov kub kom qhuav cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm los tsim ib daim duab latex tsis tu ncua.Yog tias qhov ziab kom qhuav yog qis dua qhov tsawg kawg nkaus Film Forming Temperature (MFFT), cov khoom siv polymer latex yuav tsis tag nrho coalesce, uas ua rau adhesion nkaus xwb ntawm cov khoom sib txuas.Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tau tshwm sim muaj qhov adhesion tsis zoo thiab lub zog txhua yam thiab tej zaum yuav yog nyob rau hauv hmoov form29.MFFT muaj feem xyuam nrog Tg, uas tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm monomer muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ntxiv cov coalescents xws li Texanol.Tg txiav txim siab ntau yam ntawm lub cev ntawm cov txheej txheem, uas tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv ib tug rubbery los yog glassy xeev34.Raws li Flory-Fox equation35, Tg nyob ntawm hom monomer thiab tus txheeb ze feem pua.Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm coalescent tuaj yeem txo cov MFFT los ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm Tg ntawm cov khoom siv latex, uas tso cai rau kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis tseem tsim cov txheej txheej tawv thiab muaj zog vim tias cov coalescent maj mam evaporates dhau sijhawm lossis tau muab rho tawm 36 .
Ua kom cov concentration ntawm Texanol txhawb kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm softening cov ntaub ntawv polymer (txo Tg) vim yog nqus los ntawm cov khoom thaum ziab, yog li ua kom lub zog ntawm cohesive zaj duab xis thiab cell adhesion.Vim hais tias cov biocomposite qhuav ntawm ambient kub (~ 18-20 ° C), Tg (30 mus rau 55 ° C) ntawm cov "nyuaj" latex yog siab tshaj qhov kub kom qhuav, txhais tau hais tias particle coalescence yuav tsis zoo, ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov. B cov yeeb yaj kiab uas nyob twj ywm vitreous, cov khoom siv tsis zoo thiab cov nplaum nplaum, txwv elasticity thiab diffusivity30 thaum kawg ua rau cov cell poob ntau dua.Kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm "ib txwm" thiab "mos" polymers tshwm sim ntawm lossis qis dua Tg ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab polymer, thiab kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab yog txhim kho los ntawm kev txhim kho coalescence, ua rau cov yeeb yaj kiab polymer txuas ntxiv nrog kev txhim kho txhua yam, cohesive, thiab cov khoom nplaum.Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tshwm sim yuav nyob twj ywm hauv lub sijhawm CO2 kev sim ntes vim nws Tg nyob ze rau ("ib txwm" sib xyaw: 12 txog 20 ºC) lossis qis dua ("mos" sib xyaw: -21 txog -13 ° C) rau ambient kub 30 ."Hard" latex (3.4 txog 2.9 kgf mm-1) yog peb zaug nyuaj dua li "ib txwm" latex (1.0 txog 0.9 kgf mm-1).Lub hardness ntawm "mos" latexes tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas los ntawm microhardness vim lawv cov roj hmab ntau dhau thiab nplaum ntawm chav tsev kub.Tus nqi saum npoo kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau adhesion affinity, tab sis xav tau cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv los muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov latexs zoo khaws cov hlwb, tso tawm tsawg dua 1%.
Cov khoom tsim tau ntawm photosynthesis txo qis thaum lub sijhawm.Kev cuam tshuam rau polystyrene ua rau cov membrane cuam tshuam thiab oxidative stress38,39,40,41.Fv/Fm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A raug rau 0S thiab 4S tau yuav luag ob zaug siab dua piv rau kev ncua kev tswj hwm, uas yog pom zoo nrog CO2 uptake tus nqi ntawm 4S biocomposite, nrog rau qis dua tus nqi PS.tus nqi.Qhov siab dua Fv/Fm qhia tias kev thauj khoom hluav taws xob mus rau PSII tuaj yeem xa cov photons42 ntau dua, uas tuaj yeem ua rau CO2 fixation ntau dua.Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov ntaub ntawv photophysiological tau txais los ntawm cov hlwb raug tshem tawm hauv cov tshuaj aqueous latex thiab tej zaum yuav tsis tas yuav ncaj qha piv rau cov laus biocomposites.
Yog tias latex tsim teeb meem rau lub teeb thiab / lossis roj pauv ua rau lub teeb thiab CO2 txwv, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm tes thiab txo kev ua haujlwm, thiab yog tias nws cuam tshuam O2 tso tawm, photorespiration39.Lub teeb kis tau tus mob ntawm cov coatings kho tau raug soj ntsuam: "nyuaj" latex pom qhov txo qis hauv lub teeb kis ntawm 440 thiab 480 nm (kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv ib feem los ntawm kev ua kom cov concentration ntawm Texanol vim kev txhim kho zaj duab xis coalescence), thaum "mos" thiab "tsis tu ncua. ” latex pom tau tias me ntsis txo qis hauv lub teeb kis.qhia tsis pom qhov poob ntawm kev poob.Cov kev soj ntsuam, nrog rau tag nrho cov incubations, tau ua nyob rau hauv tsawg lub teeb siv (30.5 µmol m-2 s-1), yog li tej photosynthetically nquag hluav taws xob vim lub polymer matrix yuav tau them thiab tej zaum yuav pab tau rau kev tiv thaiv photoinhibition.ntawm ua puas lub teeb intensities.
Biocomposite CCAP 1479/1A ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv 84 hnub ntawm kev sim, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom noj lossis kev poob loj ntawm biomass, uas yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tshawb no.Cell depigmentation tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm chlorosis hauv kev teb rau kev tshaib plab nitrogen kom ua tiav txoj sia nyob mus ntev (txog lub xeev), uas tuaj yeem pab cov hlwb rov pib loj hlob tom qab tau txais nitrogen txaus.Cov duab SEM tau lees paub tias cov hlwb tseem nyob hauv cov txheej txawm hais tias kev faib tawm ntawm tes, ua kom pom qhov elasticity ntawm "mos" latex thiab yog li qhia qhov zoo dua ntawm qhov kev sim."Soft" latex muaj li ntawm 70% butyl acrylate (los ntawm qhov hnyav), uas yog ntau dua li cov lus teev tseg rau cov txheej txheem hloov pauv tom qab ziab44.
Lub net uptake ntawm CO2 tau nce siab dua li ntawm kev tswj kev ncua (14-20 thiab 3-8 npaug siab dua rau S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A thiab PCC 7942, raws li).Yav dhau los, peb siv CO2 huab hwm coj hloov pauv qauv los qhia tias tus tsav tsheb tseem ceeb ntawm CO2 nce siab yog qhov ntse CO2 concentration gradient ntawm qhov chaw ntawm biocomposite31 thiab qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm biocomposite tuaj yeem raug txwv los ntawm kev tsis kam mus rau huab hwm coj hloov.Qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem kov yeej los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov khoom tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis yog zaj duab xis-tsim cov khoom xyaw rau hauv cov latex kom nce qhov porosity thiab permeability ntawm cov txheej26, tab sis kev tuav ntawm tes yuav raug cuam tshuam vim tias cov tswv yim no yuav ua rau tsis muaj zog ntawm zaj duab xis20.Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm polymerization kom nce porosity, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm industrial ntau lawm thiab scalability45.
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov biocomposite tshiab piv rau cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no uas siv biocomposites los ntawm microalgae thiab cyanobacteria pom qhov zoo hauv kev kho cov cell loading tus nqi (Table 1) 21,46 thiab nrog lub sij hawm soj ntsuam ntev (84 hnub piv rau 15 teev 46 thiab 3 lub lis piam 21).
Lub volumetric cov ntsiab lus ntawm carbohydrates nyob rau hauv hlwb sib piv nrog rau lwm cov kev tshawb fawb 47,48,49,50 siv cyanobacteria thiab yog siv raws li ib tug muaj peev xwm txheej txheem rau carbon capture thiab siv / rov qab daim ntaub ntawv, xws li rau BECCS fermentation txheej txheem49,51 los yog rau zus tau tej cov biodegradable. bioplastics 52.Raws li ib feem ntawm qhov laj thawj rau txoj kev tshawb fawb no, peb xav tias kev cog qoob loo, txawm tias tau txiav txim siab hauv BECCS lub tswv yim tsis zoo emissions, tsis yog panacea rau kev hloov pauv huab cua thiab noj ib qho kev ceeb toom ntawm lub ntiaj teb arable av6.Raws li kev sim xav, nws tau kwv yees tias nruab nrab ntawm 640 thiab 950 GtCO2 yuav tsum tau tshem tawm ntawm huab cua los ntawm 2100 kom txwv lub ntiaj teb kub nce mus txog 1.5 ° C53 (kwv yees li 8 txog 12 GtCO2 ib xyoos).Ua kom tiav qhov no nrog kev ua tau zoo ntawm biocomposite (574.08 ± 30.19 t CO2 t-1 biomass ib xyoos-1) yuav xav tau qhov ntim nthuav dav ntawm 5.5 × 1010 mus rau 8.2 × 1010 m3 (nrog rau kev sib piv photosynthetic efficiency), uas muaj los ntawm 196 txog 2.9 billion liters. polymer.Piv txwv tias 1 m3 ntawm biocomposites nyob 1 m2 ntawm thaj av, thaj tsam xav tau kom nqus tau lub hom phiaj txhua xyoo CO2 yuav nyob nruab nrab ntawm 5.5 thiab 8.17 lab hectares, uas yog sib npaug rau 0.18-0.27% ntawm qhov tsim nyog rau lub neej ntawm cov av hauv thaj av. tropics, thiab txo thaj av.xav tau BECCS los ntawm 98-99%.Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov theoretical capture ratio yog raws li cov CO2 nqus tau sau tseg nyob rau hauv lub teeb tsis tshua muaj.Thaum lub biocomposite raug rau ntau lub teeb ntuj tsim, tus nqi ntawm CO2 uptake nce, ntxiv txo cov av yuav tsum tau thiab tipping cov nplai ntxiv rau lub tswv yim biocomposite.Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev siv yuav tsum yog nyob rau ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab rau qhov kev siv lub teeb ci tas li thiab lub sijhawm.
Lub ntiaj teb cov txiaj ntsig ntawm CO2 fertilization, piv txwv li qhov nce hauv cov nroj tsuag tsim tau los ntawm kev muaj CO2 ntau ntxiv, tau txo qis rau feem ntau thaj av, tej zaum yog vim muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov av tseem ceeb (N thiab P) thiab cov khoom siv dej7.Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub ntiaj teb photosynthesis yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev nce hauv CO2 uptake, txawm tias nce CO2 concentrations hauv huab cua.Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, cov tswv yim kev hloov pauv huab cua hauv av xws li BECCS tseem tsawg dua yuav ua tiav.Yog tias qhov tshwm sim thoob ntiaj teb no tau lees paub, peb lichen-inspired biocomposite tuaj yeem yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb, hloov pauv ib leeg-celled dej photosynthetic microbes rau hauv "cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv av."Cov nroj tsuag hauv av feem ntau txhim kho CO2 los ntawm C3 photosynthesis, thaum C4 cov nroj tsuag muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua rau cov chaw sov, qhov chaw qhuav thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua ntawm CO254 ib feem ntawm qhov siab.Cyanobacteria muab lwm txoj hauv kev uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev ceeb toom ntawm kev txo qis carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag C3.Cyanobacteria tau kov yeej cov kev txwv ntawm photorespiratory los ntawm kev tsim kom muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau ntxiv uas muaj qhov siab dua ib feem ntawm CO2 tau nthuav tawm thiab tswj hwm los ntawm ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase /oxygenase (RuBisCo) hauv carboxysomes ib puag ncig.Yog tias kev tsim cov cyanobacterial biocomposites tuaj yeem nce ntxiv, qhov no tuaj yeem dhau los ua riam phom tseem ceeb rau noob neej hauv kev tawm tsam kev hloov pauv huab cua.
Biocomposites (lichen mimics) muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov kab lis kev cai microalgae thiab cyanobacteria ncua kev kawm, muab CO2 siab dua tus nqi, txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua qias tuaj, thiab cog lus tias yuav zam kev sib tw CO2.Tus nqi txo qis kev siv av, dej thiab khoom noj khoom haus56.Txoj kev tshawb no qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim thiab tsim cov khoom siv biocompatible latex uas, thaum ua ke nrog loofah daim txhuam cev ua tus neeg sib tw substrate, tuaj yeem muab CO2 tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau lub hlis ntawm kev phais thaum ua kom cov cell poob mus rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus.Biocomposites tuaj yeem tshawb pom kwv yees li 570 t CO2 t-1 ntawm biomass hauv ib xyoos thiab tuaj yeem ua pov thawj tias tseem ceeb dua li BECCS cov tswv yim kev cog qoob loo hauv peb cov lus teb rau kev hloov pauv huab cua.Nrog rau kev ua kom zoo ntxiv ntawm cov polymer muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev sim ntawm lub teeb siab dua, thiab ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem metabolic zoo, cov xwm txheej qub biogeoengineers tuaj yeem rov qab los cawm.
Acrylic latex polymers tau npaj los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm styrene monomers, butyl acrylate thiab acrylic acid, thiab pH raug kho rau 7 nrog 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (table 2).Styrene thiab butyl acrylate ua rau feem ntau ntawm cov saw hlau polymer, thaum acrylic acid pab khaws cov latex hauv kev ncua 57.Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov latex yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov iav hloov pauv kub (Tg), uas yog tswj los ntawm kev hloov qhov piv ntawm styrene thiab butyl acrylate, uas muab "nyuaj" thiab "mos" zog, raws li 58.Ib tug raug acrylic latex polymer yog 50:50 styrene: butyl acrylate 30, yog li nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no latex nrog no piv tau raug hu ua "ib txwm" latex, thiab latex nrog ib tug ntau dua styrene cov ntsiab lus raug xa mus rau raws li ib tug latex nrog ib tug qis styrene cov ntsiab lus. .hu ua "soft" as "hard".
Thawj emulsion tau npaj siv dej distilled (174 g), sodium bicarbonate (0.5 g) thiab Rhodapex Ab/20 surfactant (30.92 g) (Solvay) kom stabilize 30 monomer droplets.Siv lub iav syringe (Science Glass Engineering) nrog lub syringe twj tso kua mis, ib tug thib ob aliquot uas muaj styrene, butyl acrylate thiab acrylic acid teev nyob rau hauv Table 2 tau ntxiv dropwise ntawm tus nqi ntawm 100 ml h-1 rau thawj emulsion tshaj 4 teev (Cole -Palmer, Mount Vernon, Illinois).Npaj ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm polymerization pib 59 siv dHO thiab ammonium persulfate (100 ml, 3% w / w).
Sib tov cov tshuaj uas muaj dHO (206 g), sodium bicarbonate (1 g) thiab Rhodapex Ab/20 (4.42 g) siv ib qho nyiaj siv ua haujlwm (Heidolph Hei-TORQUE tus nqi 100) nrog lub tshuab tsis muaj steel hlau thiab cua sov rau 82 ° C hauv ib qho. dej jacketed nkoj hauv VWR Scientific 1137P rhaub dej da dej.Ib qho kev txo qis ntawm cov tshuaj monomer (28.21 g) thiab cov neeg pib (20.60 g) tau ntxiv dropwise mus rau lub nkoj tsho thiab nplawm rau 20 feeb.Sib tov cov monomer ntxiv (150 ml h-1) thiab cov tshuaj pib (27 ml h-1) daws kom cov khoom raug tshem tawm kom txog thaum lawv ntxiv rau hauv lub tsho dej tshaj 5 h siv 10 ml syringes thiab 100 ml raws li hauv ib lub thawv. .ua kom tiav nrog lub syringe twj tso kua mis.Lub stirrer ceev tau nce vim qhov nce hauv slurry ntim kom ntseeg tau slurry tuav.Tom qab ntxiv cov neeg pib thiab cov emulsion, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub tau nce mus rau 85 ° C, stirred zoo ntawm 450 rpm rau 30 feeb, ces txias rau 65 ° C.Tom qab txias, ob txoj kev hloov pauv tau ntxiv rau cov latex: tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) (70% hauv dej) (5 g, 14% los ntawm qhov hnyav) thiab isoascorbic acid (5 g, 10% los ntawm qhov hnyav)..Ntxiv t-BHP poob los ntawm kev poob thiab tawm rau 20 feeb.Erythorbic acid tau ntxiv ntawm tus nqi ntawm 4 ml / h los ntawm 10 ml syringe siv lub twj tso kua mis.Tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj latex tau txias rau chav sov thiab hloov mus rau pH 7 nrog 0.1M sodium hydroxide.
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (Texanol) - tsis tshua muaj toxicity biodegradable coalescent rau latex xim 37,60 - tau ntxiv nrog lub koob txhaj tshuaj thiab twj tso kua mis hauv peb ntim (0, 4, 12% v / v) raws li coalescing tus neeg sawv cev rau latex sib tov los pab txhawb kev tsim zaj duab xis thaum ziab37.Qhov feem pua ntawm cov khib nyiab latex tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev tso 100 µl ntawm txhua lub polymer rau hauv lub hau ua ntej hnyav txhuas ntawv ci thiab ziab hauv qhov cub ntawm 100 ° C rau 24 teev.
Rau lub teeb kis tau tus mob, txhua qhov sib xyaw latex tau siv rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev twj siv lub tshuab nqus tsev tsis muaj steel calibrated los tsim 100 µm films thiab qhuav ntawm 20 ° C rau 48 teev.Lub teeb kis tau tus mob (tsom mus rau photosynthetically nquag hluav taws xob, λ 400-700 nm) tau ntsuas ntawm ILT950 SpectriLight spectroradiometer nrog lub sensor ntawm qhov deb ntawm 35 cm los ntawm 30 W fluorescent teeb (Sylvania Luxline Plus, n = 6) - qhov twg lub teeb Qhov chaw yog cyanobacteria thiab kab mob Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog khaws cia.Spectrilight III software version 3.5 tau siv los sau cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab kev sib kis hauv λ 400-700 nm61 ntau.Tag nrho cov qauv tau muab tso rau sab saum toj ntawm lub sensor, thiab cov iav uas tsis muaj txheej txheem tau siv los tswj.
Cov qauv latex tau muab ntxiv rau hauv lub tais ci silicone thiab tso cai kom qhuav rau 24 teev ua ntej kuaj qhov tawv.Muab cov qauv latex qhuav rau ntawm lub hau steel hauv qab x10 microscope.Tom qab tsom, cov qauv raug soj ntsuam ntawm Buehler Micromet II microhardness tester.Cov qauv tau raug rau lub zog ntawm 100 mus rau 200 grams thiab lub sijhawm thauj khoom tau teem rau 7 vib nas this los tsim cov pob zeb diamond hauv cov qauv.Cov ntawv luam tawm tau txheeb xyuas siv lub hom phiaj ntawm Bruker Alicona × 10 microscope nrog ntxiv cov qauv ntsuas software.Vickers hardness formula (Equation 1) yog siv los xam qhov hardness ntawm txhua latex, qhov twg HV yog Vickers tus naj npawb, F yog lub zog siv, thiab d yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov kab pheeb ces kaum suav los ntawm qhov siab thiab dav ntawm cov latex.indent nqi."Soft" latex tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas vim qhov adhesion thiab ncab thaum lub sij hawm ntsuas indentation.
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab lub iav hloov pauv kub (Tg) ntawm cov latex muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov qauv polymer tau muab tso rau hauv cov tais diav silica gel, qhuav rau 24 teev, hnyav rau 0.005 g, thiab muab tso rau hauv cov tais diav.Cov tais diav tau capped thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov sib txawv scanning colorimeter (PerkinElmer DSC 8500, Intercooler II, Pyris data analysis software)62.Cov txheej txheem cua sov yog siv los tso cov khob siv thiab cov khob coj mus rau hauv tib lub qhov cub nrog qhov ntsuas kub ua kom ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub.Tag nrho ntawm ob lub ramps tau siv los ua ib qho nkhaus.Cov qauv qauv tau rov hais dua los ntawm -20 ° C mus rau 180 ° C ntawm tus nqi ntawm 20 ° C ib feeb.Txhua qhov pib thiab qhov kawg yog khaws cia rau 1 feeb kom suav rau qhov kub thiab txias.
Txhawm rau ntsuas lub peev xwm ntawm biocomposite kom nqus CO2, cov qauv tau npaj thiab sim ua tib yam li hauv peb txoj kev kawm dhau los31.Cov ntaub qhwv qhuav thiab autoclaved tau txiav rau hauv ib daim hlab ntawm kwv yees li 1 × 1 × 5 cm thiab hnyav.Siv 600 µl ntawm ob lub biocoatings zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua hom kab mob cyanobacteria rau ib qho kawg ntawm txhua txoj hlua khi, npog li ntawm 1 × 1 × 3 cm, thiab qhuav hauv qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm 20 ° C rau 24 teev.Vim yog cov qauv macroporous ntawm lub loofah, qee cov qauv raug nkim, yog li cell loading efficiency tsis yog 100%.Yuav kom kov yeej qhov teeb meem no, qhov hnyav ntawm qhov kev npaj qhuav ntawm lub loofah tau txiav txim siab thiab normalized rau cov ntaub ntawv qhuav qhuav.Kev tswj hwm Abiotic suav nrog loofah, latex, thiab cov khoom noj tsis muaj menyuam tau raug npaj zoo ib yam.
Txhawm rau ua ib nrab-batch CO2 uptake test, tso biocomposite (n = 3) hauv 50 ml iav raj kom ib kawg ntawm biocomposite (tsis muaj biocoating) nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog 5 ml ntawm kev loj hlob nruab nrab, cia cov as-ham rau. raug thauj los ntawm kev ua capillary..Lub raj mis yog kaw nrog ib tug butyl roj hmab cork nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 20 mm thiab crimped nrog ib tug silvery txhuas cap.Thaum kaw lawm, txhaj 45 ml ntawm 5% CO2 / cua nrog ib rab koob tsis muaj menyuam txuas nrog lub tshuab nqus roj.Lub cell ceev ntawm kev tswj kev ncua (n = 3) yog sib npaug rau lub cell load ntawm biocomposite nyob rau hauv nruab nrab nutrient.Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua nyob rau ntawm 18 ± 2 ° C nrog photoperiod ntawm 16: 8 thiab photoperiod ntawm 30.5 µmol m-2 s-1.Lub taub hau qhov chaw raug tshem tawm txhua ob hnub nrog lub tshuab nqus roj thiab tshuaj xyuas nrog CO2 meter nrog infrared nqus GEOTech G100 los txiav txim qhov feem pua ntawm CO2 absorbed.Ntxiv qhov sib npaug ntawm CO2 roj sib tov.
% CO2 Fix yog xam raws li nram no: % CO2 Fix = 5% (v/v) – sau % CO2 (kev sib npaug 2) qhov twg P = siab, V = ntim, T = kub, thiab R = zoo tagnrho cov pa tsis tu ncua.
Tshaj tawm CO2 uptake tus nqi rau kev tswj kev ncua ntawm cyanobacteria thiab biocomposites tau normalized rau cov tsis-biological tswj.Chav ua haujlwm ntawm g biomass yog tus nqi ntawm cov biomass qhuav immobilized ntawm cov ntaub ntxhua khaub ncaws.Nws yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov hnyav loofah kuaj ua ntej thiab tom qab kho cell.Kev suav nyiaj rau cell load mass (biomass sib npaug) los ntawm ib tus zuj zus ntsuas cov kev npaj ua ntej thiab tom qab ziab thiab los ntawm kev xam qhov ceev ntawm cov cell npaj (kev sib npaug 3).Kev npaj ntawm tes yog suav tias yog homogeneous thaum kho.
Minitab 18 thiab Microsoft Excel nrog rau RealStatistics add-in tau siv rau kev txheeb cais.Qhov kev coj ua tau raug sim siv qhov kev xeem Anderson-Darling, thiab qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib txawv tau sim siv qhov kev xeem Levene.Cov ntaub ntawv txaus siab rau cov kev xav no tau txheeb xyuas siv ob txoj kev tsom xam ntawm qhov sib txawv (ANOVA) nrog Tukey qhov kev xeem raws li kev soj ntsuam tom qab hoc.Cov ntaub ntawv ob txoj kev uas tsis ua raws li qhov kev xav ntawm qhov qub thiab sib npaug sib npaug tau txheeb xyuas siv Shirer-Ray-Hara test thiab tom qab ntawd Mann-Whitney U-test los txiav txim qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob.Generalized linear mix (GLM) qauv tau siv rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo nrog peb yam, qhov twg cov ntaub ntawv tau hloov pauv siv Johnson transform63.Lub sijhawm sib raug zoo ntawm Pearson cov khoom tau ua los ntsuas kev sib raug zoo ntawm Texanol concentration, iav hloov pauv kub, thiab cov ntaub ntawv latex toxicity thiab adhesion.
Post lub sij hawm: Jan-05-2023