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Qhia ib lub carousel ntawm peb slides ib zaug.Siv cov nyees khawm dhau los thiab Tom ntej kom txav mus los ntawm peb qhov swb ib zaug, lossis siv cov khawm slider thaum kawg kom txav mus los ntawm peb qhov swb ib zaug.
Hlau hydrides (MH) tau lees paub tias yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv hydrogen vim lawv lub peev xwm hydrogen loj, kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev nyab xeeb siab.Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov sluggish hydrogen uptake kinetics zoo heev txo qhov kev cia khoom.Kev tshem tawm cua sov sai dua los ntawm MH cia tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nce nws cov hydrogen uptake rate, ua rau kev txhim kho kev cia khoom.Hauv qhov no, txoj kev tshawb no yog tsom rau kev txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hloov pauv cua sov kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov hydrogen uptake rate ntawm MH cia system.Tus tshiab semi-cylindrical kauj yog thawj zaug tsim thiab ua kom zoo rau hydrogen cia thiab koom ua ke ua ib qho kev sib txuas hauv huab cua xws li cua sov (HTF).Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob tshiab tau txheeb xyuas thiab muab piv nrog cov pa helical coil geometry.Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev khiav hauj lwm tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kev khaws cia ntawm MG thiab GTP tau raug tshawb fawb kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.Rau cov lej simulation, ANSYS Fluent 2020 R2 yog siv.Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb no qhia tau hais tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm MH cia tank tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob semi-cylindrical coil heat exchanger (SCHE).Piv nrog rau cov pa spiral coil heat exchangers, lub sij hawm ntawm hydrogen absorption yog txo los ntawm 59%.Qhov kev ncua deb tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm SCHE coils ua rau 61% txo lub sijhawm nqus.Raws li hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm MG cia siv SHE, tag nrho cov kev xaiv tsis tau ua rau muaj kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem hydrogen absorption, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov kub ntawm qhov nkag mus rau HTS.
Muaj kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm lub zog raws li fossil fuels mus rau lub zog tauj dua tshiab.Vim tias muaj ntau hom kev siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab muab lub zog ua kom muaj zog, lub zog cia yog qhov tsim nyog los sib npaug ntawm cov load.Hydrogen-raws li lub zog cia tau nyiam ntau yam rau lub hom phiaj no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim hydrogen tuaj yeem siv los ua "ntsuab" lwm cov roj thiab lub zog thauj khoom vim nws cov khoom thiab kev txav mus los.Tsis tas li ntawd, hydrogen kuj muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub zog ntau dua ib chav tsev loj piv rau fossil fuels2.Muaj plaub yam tseem ceeb ntawm hydrogen zog cia: compressed gas cia, underground cia, kua cia, thiab khoom cia.Compressed hydrogen yog hom tseem ceeb siv nyob rau hauv roj cell tsheb xws li tsheb npav thiab forklifts.Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no cia muab qhov tsawg bulcogen ntau ntawm hydrogen (kwv yees li 0.089 kg / m3) thiab muaj teeb meem kev nyab xeeb uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm siab3.Raws li cov txheej txheem hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm qhov ntsuas kub thiab qhov siab, cov kua cia yuav khaws cov hydrogen hauv cov kua dej.Txawm li cas los xij, thaum liquefied, kwv yees li 40% ntawm lub zog poob.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov thev naus laus zis no tau paub tias muaj zog ntau dua thiab ua haujlwm hnyav piv rau cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev khaws cia 4.Khoom cia khoom yog ib qho kev xaiv siv tau rau kev lag luam hydrogen, uas khaws cov hydrogen los ntawm kev sib xyaw hydrogen rau hauv cov khoom siv los ntawm kev nqus thiab tso tawm hydrogen los ntawm desorption.Hlau hydride (MH), cov khoom siv khaws cia cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo, tsis ntev los no txaus siab rau kev siv roj hluav taws xob vim nws lub peev xwm hydrogen siab, tsis tshua muaj kev ua haujlwm siab, thiab tus nqi qis piv rau cov kua cia, thiab tsim nyog rau kev siv nyob ruaj ruaj thiab mobile 6,7 Hauv Tsis tas li ntawd, MH cov ntaub ntawv tseem muab cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb xws li kev khaws cia ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm loj 8.Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib qho teeb meem uas txwv cov khoom tsim tau ntawm MG: qhov qis thermal conductivity ntawm MG reactor ua rau qeeb nqus thiab desorption ntawm hydrogen.
Kev hloov hluav taws xob kom zoo thaum lub sijhawm exothermic thiab endothermic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tus yuam sij rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm MH reactors.Rau cov txheej txheem hydrogen loading, cov cua sov tsim tawm yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm lub reactor txhawm rau tswj cov hydrogen loading txaus ntawm qhov xav tau nrog lub peev xwm siab tshaj plaws.Hloov chaw, cua sov yuav tsum tau nce tus nqi ntawm hydrogen evolution thaum tawm.Txhawm rau txhim kho cov cua sov thiab huab cua hloov pauv, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau kawm txog kev tsim thiab kev ua kom zoo raws li ntau yam xws li kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, MG qauv, thiab MG11 optimization.MG optimization tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom siv thermal conductivity xws li ua npuas dej rau MG txheej 12,13.Yog li, qhov zoo thermal conductivity tuaj yeem nce los ntawm 0.1 txog 2 W / mK10.Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb txo lub zog ntawm MN reactor.Hais txog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev txhim kho tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua qhov pib ua haujlwm ntawm MG txheej thiab coolant (HTF).Cov qauv ntawm MG tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua qub vim yog qhov geometry ntawm lub reactor thiab cov qauv tsim ntawm lub tshav kub exchanger.Hais txog kev teeb tsa ntawm MH reactor heat exchanger, cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom.Cov no yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv ua rau hauv MO txheej thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud uas npog cov MO txheej xws li fins, tsho txias thiab da dej.Hais txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud, Kaplan16 tau soj ntsuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm MH reactor, siv cov dej txias ua lub tsho kom txo qhov kub hauv lub reactor.Cov txiaj ntsig tau muab piv nrog 22 lub voj voog fin reactor thiab lwm lub reactor txias los ntawm ntuj convection.Lawv hais tias lub xub ntiag ntawm lub tsho txias kom txo tau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm MH, yog li nce qhov nqus tau.Kev tshawb fawb txog zauv ntawm cov dej-jacketed MH reactor los ntawm Patil thiab Gopal17 tau pom tias hydrogen muab siab thiab HTF kub yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm hydrogen uptake thiab desorption.
Ua kom lub tshav kub hloov chaw los ntawm kev ntxiv cov fins thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua rau hauv MH yog tus yuam sij rau kev txhim kho cov cua sov thiab huab cua hloov kev ua tau zoo thiab yog li kev cia khoom ntawm MH18.Ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv (txoj raj ncaj nraim thiab kauv caj dab) tau tsim los ua kom cov cua txias hauv MH19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26 reactor.Siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv, cov cua txias lossis cov kua cua sov yuav hloov cov cua sov hauv zos hauv MH reactor thaum cov txheej txheem hydrogen adsorption.Raju thiab Kumar [27] siv ob peb lub raj ncaj raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm MG.Lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias lub sijhawm nqus tau txo qis thaum cov raj ncaj siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov raj ncaj qha luv luv lub sijhawm hydrogen desorption time28.Cov dej txias ntau dua nce tus nqi ntawm hydrogen charging thiab tawm tawm29.Txawm li cas los xij, nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov kav dej txias tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau MH kev ua haujlwm ntau dua li cov dej txias ntws 30,31.Raju et al.32 siv LaMi4.7Al0.3 los ua MH cov khoom siv los kawm txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub raj cua sov hauv reactors.Lawv tau tshaj tawm tias qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj txiaj ntsig muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov txheej txheem nqus dej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub siab pub thiab tom qab ntawd tus nqi ntws ntawm HTF.Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov nqus tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tsawg.
Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm MH reactor tau txhim kho ntxiv los ntawm kev siv cov kauv coil hluav taws xob hloov pauv vim nws qhov hloov pauv tau zoo dua piv rau cov raj ncaj.Qhov no yog vim lub voj voog thib ob tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov cua sov ntawm lub reactor25 zoo dua.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kav raj muab ib qho chaw loj rau cov cua sov hloov ntawm MH txheej mus rau lub coolant.Thaum txoj kev no tau nkag mus rau hauv lub reactor, qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov raj kub hloov pauv kuj zoo ib yam 33.Wang et al.34 tau kawm txog cov nyhuv ntawm hydrogen uptake lub sij hawm los ntawm kev ntxiv ib lub helical kauj rau MH reactor.Lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias thaum lub tshav kub hloov pauv coefficient ntawm lub coolant nce, lub sij hawm nqus tau txo.Wu et al.25 tau tshawb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm Mg2Ni raws li MH reactors thiab coiled coil heat exchangers.Lawv cov kev tshawb fawb lej tau pom tias txo qis hauv lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv.Kev txhim kho ntawm cov cua sov hloov tshuab hauv MN reactor yog ua raws li qhov sib piv me me ntawm cov ntsia hlau pitch rau cov ntsia hlau pitch thiab qhov tsis muaj qhov ntsia hlau loj.Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Mellouli et al.21 siv lub coiled coil ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv tau pom tias HTF pib kub muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev txhim kho hydrogen uptake thiab lub sij hawm desorption.Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv tau ua tiav hauv ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb.Eisapur et al.35 tau kawm hydrogen cia siv cov kauv coil cua kub exchanger nrog lub hauv paus rov qab raj los txhim kho cov txheej txheem hydrogen nqus.Lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov kauv raj thiab lub hauv paus rov qab raj tau txhim kho cov cua sov hloov ntawm cov coolant thiab MG.Lub suab me me thiab txoj kab uas hla loj dua ntawm cov kauv raj nce tus nqi ntawm cov cua sov thiab huab cua hloov mus.Ardahaie et al.36 siv cov kav raj ca ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los txhim kho cov cua sov hauv lub reactor.Lawv tau tshaj tawm tias lub sijhawm nqus tau raug txo los ntawm kev nce tus naj npawb ntawm flattened kauv raj dav hlau.Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv tau ua tiav hauv ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb.Dhau et al.37 txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm MH siv cov coiled coil heat exchanger thiab fins.Lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias txoj kev no txo cov sij hawm hydrogen los ntawm ib qho ntawm 2 piv rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj fins.Cov fins annular tau ua ke nrog cov raj cua txias thiab ua rau hauv MN reactor.Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no qhia tau tias txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke no muab cov cua sov hloov pauv ntau dua piv rau MH reactor tsis muaj fins.Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib xyaw ua ke sib txawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txawv yuav cuam tshuam qhov hnyav thiab ntim ntawm MH reactor.Wu et al.18 piv cov kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv.Cov no muaj xws li cov raj ncaj, fins thiab kauv coils.Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm hais tias kauv coils muab qhov kev txhim kho zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev hloov hluav taws xob thiab huab cua.Tsis tas li ntawd, piv nrog cov raj ncaj, coiled raj, thiab cov raj ncaj nrog cov coiled raj, ob chav coils muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho cua sov.Kev kawm los ntawm Sekhar et al.40 tau pom tias qhov kev txhim kho zoo sib xws hauv hydrogen uptake tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov kauv kauj raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv thiab lub tsho finned sab nraud.
Ntawm cov piv txwv uas tau hais los saum toj no, kev siv cov spiral coils raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv muab cov cua sov zoo dua thiab kev hloov pauv loj dua li lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov raj ncaj thiab cov fins.Yog li ntawd, lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov kauv coil txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cua sov.Thawj zaug, ib qho tshiab semi-cylindrical kauj tau tsim raws li cov qauv MH cia helical kauj.Txoj kev tshawb no xav tias yuav txhim kho hydrogen cia kev ua tau zoo los ntawm kev txiav txim siab qhov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob tshiab nrog kev hloov pauv kom zoo dua qhov chaw teeb tsa los ntawm qhov ntim tas li ntawm MH txaj thiab HTF raj.Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab no tau muab piv rau cov pa spiral coil heat exchangers raws li qhov sib txawv coil pitches.Raws li cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm, kev ua haujlwm thiab qhov sib nrug ntawm cov coils yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm MH reactors.Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov tsim ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab no, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm coil sib nrug ntawm hydrogen uptake lub sij hawm thiab MH ntim tau tshawb xyuas.Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau nkag siab txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tshiab hemi-cylindrical coils thiab kev ua haujlwm, lub hom phiaj thib ob ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog los kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub reactor raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis sib txawv thiab txiav txim siab qhov tsim nyog rau txhua qhov kev khiav haujlwm. hom.parameter.
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hydrogen hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau tshawb xyuas raws li ob qho kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob (xws li cov raj xaim hauv cov xwm txheej 1 txog 3 thiab cov raj semi-cylindrical hauv cov xwm txheej 4 txog 6) thiab kev soj ntsuam rhiab heev ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm.Qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm MH reactor tau sim thawj zaug uas siv lub raj xaub los ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob.Ob qho tib si cov yeeb nkab roj coolant thiab MH reactor nkoj yog ua los ntawm stainless hlau.Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov ntev ntawm MG reactor thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm GTF cov kav dej tau tas li nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, thaum cov kauj ruam ntau thiab tsawg ntawm GTF sib txawv.Tshooj lus no txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub suab loj ntawm HTF coils.Qhov siab thiab sab nraud ntawm lub reactor yog 110 hli thiab 156 hli, feem.Txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov kav dej kub ua cov roj yog teem rau ntawm 6 hli.Saib Tshooj Lus Ntxiv rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm MH reactor circuit diagram nrog cov kav raj thiab ob lub raj semi-cylindrical.
Ntawm daim duab.1a qhia MH kauv raj reactor thiab nws qhov ntev.Tag nrho cov geometric parameter yog muab rau hauv lub rooj.1. Tag nrho cov ntim ntawm lub helix thiab lub ntim ntawm ZG yog kwv yees li 100 cm3 thiab 2000 cm3, feem.Los ntawm MH reactor no, huab cua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm HTF tau muab tso rau hauv lub ntxeem tau MH reactor los ntawm hauv qab los ntawm ib tug kauv raj, thiab hydrogen tau qhia los ntawm sab saum toj nto ntawm lub reactor.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov geometries xaiv rau hlau hydride reactors.a) nrog ib tug kauv-tubular cua sov exchanger, b) nrog ib tug semi-cylindrical tubular tshav kub exchanger.
Qhov thib ob tshuaj xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm MH reactor raws li lub raj semi-cylindrical raws li lub tshav kub exchanger.Ntawm daim duab.1b qhia MN reactor nrog ob lub raj semi-cylindrical thiab lawv qhov ntev.Table 1 teev tag nrho cov geometric parameters ntawm semi-cylindrical kav, uas nyob twj ywm, nrog rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv.Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lub semi-cylindrical raj nyob rau hauv Case 4 yog tsim nrog ib tug tas li ntim ntawm HTF raj thiab MH alloy nyob rau hauv lub coiled raj (xaiv 3).Raws li rau fig.1b, huab cua kuj tau qhia los ntawm hauv qab ntawm ob lub semi-cylindrical HTF raj, thiab hydrogen tau qhia los ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm MH reactor.
Vim yog qhov kev tsim tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv, lub hom phiaj ntawm ntu no yog txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov tsim nyog pib qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm MH reactor ua ke nrog SCHE.Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, huab cua yog siv los ua ib tug coolant kom tshem tawm cov cua sov ntawm lub reactor.Ntawm cov roj hloov hluav taws xob, huab cua thiab dej feem ntau xaiv los ua cov roj hloov hluav taws xob rau MH reactors vim lawv cov nqi qis thiab tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.Vim yog qhov kub thiab txias ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm magnesium-based alloys, cua tau raug xaiv los ua lub coolant hauv txoj kev tshawb no.Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo dua li lwm cov kua hlau thiab cov ntsev molten41.Table 2 teev cov khoom ntawm huab cua ntawm 573 K. Rau qhov kev soj ntsuam rhiab heev nyob rau hauv seem no, tsuas yog cov kev teeb tsa zoo tshaj plaws ntawm MH-SCHE kev xaiv ua haujlwm (hauv rooj plaub 4 txog 6) yog siv.Cov kev kwv yees hauv ntu no yog nyob ntawm ntau yam kev ua haujlwm, suav nrog qhov pib kub ntawm MH reactor, hydrogen loading siab, HTF inlet kub, thiab Reynolds tus lej suav los ntawm kev hloov HTF tus nqi.Table 3 muaj tag nrho cov kev khiav hauj lwm tsis siv rau kev soj ntsuam rhiab heev.
Tshooj lus no piav qhia tag nrho cov kev sib npaug tsim nyog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqus hydrogen, turbulence thiab cua sov hloov ntawm coolants.
Txhawm rau kom yooj yim rau kev daws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrogen uptake, cov kev xav hauv qab no yog tsim thiab muab;
Thaum nqus tau, cov khoom thermophysical ntawm hydrogen thiab hlau hydrides yog tas li.
Hydrogen yog suav tias yog ib qho zoo tagnrho roj, yog li hauv zos thermal equilibrium tej yam kev mob 43,44 raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.
qhov twg \({L}_{gas}\) yog lub vojvoog ntawm lub tank, thiab \({L}_{heat}\) yog lub axial qhov siab ntawm lub tank.Thaum N yog tsawg dua 0.0146, hydrogen ntws hauv lub tank tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej hauv qhov simulation yam tsis muaj qhov yuam kev loj.Raws li kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, N yog qis dua 0.1.Yog li ntawd, lub siab gradient nyhuv tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.
Cov phab ntsa reactor tau zoo insulated nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub.Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev sib pauv cua sov 47 ntawm lub reactor thiab ib puag ncig.
Nws paub zoo tias Mg-based alloys muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo hydrogenation thiab muaj peev xwm hydrogen siab txog 7.6 wt% 8.Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev hydrogen cia, cov alloys tseem hu ua cov khoom siv hnyav.Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj cov cua kub zoo heev thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo 8.Ntawm ob peb Mg-raws li alloys, Mg2Ni-raws li MgNi alloy yog ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau MH cia vim nws cov hydrogen cia muaj peev xwm txog li 6 wt%.Mg2Ni alloys kuj muab cov adsorption sai thiab desorption kinetics piv rau MgH48 alloy.Yog li ntawd, Mg2Ni tau raug xaiv los ua cov khoom siv hlau hydride hauv txoj kev tshawb no.
Lub zog sib npaug yog qhia raws li 25 raws li qhov kub ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm hydrogen thiab Mg2Ni hydride:
X yog tus nqi ntawm hydrogen absorbed ntawm cov hlau nto, chav tsev yog \(qhov hnyav\%\), xam los ntawm kinetic equation \(\frac{dX}{dt}\) thaum nqus raws li hauv qab no49:
qhov twg \({C}_{a}\) yog tus nqi tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab \({E}_{a}\) yog lub zog ua kom muaj zog.\({P}_{a,eq}\) yog qhov sib npaug siab hauv cov hlau hydride reactor thaum lub sij hawm nqus, muab los ntawm van't Hoff sib npaug raws li hauv qab no25:
Qhov twg \({P}_{ref}\) yog qhov siv siab ntawm 0.1 MPa.\(\Delta H\) thiab \(\Delta S\) yog cov enthalpy thiab entropy ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, feem.Cov khoom ntawm cov alloys Mg2Ni thiab hydrogen tau nthuav tawm hauv cov lus.4. Daim ntawv teev npe muaj nyob rau hauv seem ntxiv.
Cov kua dej ntws yog suav tias yog qhov kub ntxhov vim nws qhov nrawm thiab Reynolds tus lej (Re) yog 78.75 ms-1 thiab 14000, raws li.Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, ib qho kev ua tiav k-ε turbulence qauv raug xaiv.Nws raug sau tseg tias txoj kev no muab qhov tseeb dua piv rau lwm txoj hauv kev k-ε, thiab tseem yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm tsawg dua li RNG k-ε50,51 txoj kev.Saib Tshooj Lus Ntxiv rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kab zauv yooj yim rau cov kua dej hloov hluav taws xob.
Thaum pib, qhov ntsuas kub hauv MN reactor tsis sib xws, thiab qhov nruab nrab hydrogen concentration yog 0.043.Nws yog assumed tias sab nraud ciam teb ntawm lub MH reactor yog zoo insulated.Magnesium-based alloys feem ntau xav tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm kub kom khaws thiab tso tawm hydrogen hauv lub reactor.Mg2Ni alloy yuav tsum muaj qhov kub ntawm 523-603 K rau kev nqus siab tshaj plaws thiab qhov kub ntawm 573-603 K kom tiav desorption52.Txawm li cas los xij, kev sim kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Muthukumar et al.53 tau pom tias qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Mg2Ni rau hydrogen cia tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm qhov kub ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm 573 K, uas sib haum rau nws lub peev xwm theoretical.Yog li ntawd, qhov kub ntawm 573 K tau raug xaiv los ua qhov kub thiab txias ntawm MN reactor hauv txoj kev tshawb no.
Tsim cov kab sib txawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg rau validation thiab txhim khu kev qha.Ntawm daim duab.2 qhia qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm qhov chaw xaiv hauv cov txheej txheem hydrogen nqus los ntawm plaub yam sib txawv.Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias tsuas yog ib rooj plaub ntawm txhua qhov kev teeb tsa raug xaiv los kuaj rau daim phiaj kev ywj pheej vim muaj cov geometry zoo sib xws.Tib txoj kev meshing yog siv rau lwm yam.Yog li ntawd, xaiv qhov kev xaiv 1 rau lub kauv yeeb nkab thiab xaiv 4 rau cov yeeb nkab semi-cylindrical.Ntawm daim duab.2a, b qhia qhov nruab nrab kub hauv lub reactor rau kev xaiv 1 thiab 4, raws li.Qhov peb xaiv qhov chaw sawv cev rau lub txaj kub contours nyob rau sab saum toj, nruab nrab, thiab hauv qab ntawm lub reactor.Raws li qhov kub thiab txias contours ntawm qhov chaw xaiv, qhov nruab nrab kub yuav ruaj khov thiab qhia me ntsis kev hloov pauv hauv cov lej 428,891 thiab 430,599 rau kis 1 thiab 4, raws li.Yog li ntawd, cov kab sib chaws no tau raug xaiv rau kev suav ntxiv.Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog qhov nruab nrab lub txaj kub rau cov txheej txheem hydrogen nqus rau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm tes thiab ua tiav cov meshes ua tiav rau ob qho tib si yog muab rau hauv seem ntxiv.
Qhov nruab nrab lub txaj kub ntawm cov ntsiab lus xaiv hauv cov txheej txheem hydrogen nqus hauv cov hlau hydride reactor nrog cov lej sib txawv.(a) Qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm qhov chaw xaiv rau rooj plaub 1 thiab (b) Qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm qhov chaw xaiv rau rooj plaub 4.
Mg-based hlau hydride reactor nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no tau sim raws li qhov kev sim ntawm Muthukumar li al.53.Hauv lawv txoj kev kawm, lawv tau siv Mg2Ni alloy los khaws cov hydrogen hauv cov hlau tsis muaj hlau.Copper fins yog siv los txhim kho cov cua sov hloov hauv lub reactor.Ntawm daim duab.3a qhia qhov sib piv ntawm qhov nruab nrab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov txheej txheem nqus dej ntawm qhov kev sim thiab qhov kev tshawb fawb no.Cov kev ua haujlwm raug xaiv rau qhov kev sim no yog: MG pib kub 573 K thiab inlet siab 2 MPa.Los ntawm fig.3a nws tuaj yeem pom tseeb tias qhov kev sim no tau pom zoo nrog rau tam sim no nrog rau qhov nruab nrab txheej kub.
Kev txheeb xyuas tus qauv.(a) Code pov thawj ntawm Mg2Ni hlau hydride reactor los ntawm kev sib piv cov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no nrog kev sim ua haujlwm ntawm Muthukumar et al.52, thiab (b) kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov kauv raj turbulent flow qauv los ntawm kev sib piv cov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no nrog Kumar li al. .Tshawb nrhiav.54.
Txhawm rau kuaj cov qauv turbulence, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau muab piv nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev sim ntawm Kumar et al.54 kom paub meej qhov tseeb ntawm cov qauv turbulence xaiv.Kumar et al.54 tau kawm turbulent flow in a tube-in-pipe spiral heat exchanger.Cov dej yog siv los ua cov kua dej kub thiab txias los ntawm sab nraud.Cov kua kub thiab txias yog 323 K thiab 300 K, raws li.Reynolds cov naj npawb ntawm 3100 txog 5700 rau cov kua dej kub thiab los ntawm 21,000 txog 35,000 rau cov kua dej txias.Dean cov lej yog 550-1000 rau cov kua dej kub thiab 3600-6000 rau cov kua dej txias.Txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov yeeb nkab sab hauv (rau cov kua kub) thiab cov yeeb nkab sab nraud (rau cov kua txias) yog 0.0254 m thiab 0.0508 m, raws li.Txoj kab uas hla thiab lub suab ntawm lub helical kauj yog 0.762 m thiab 0.100 m, feem.Ntawm daim duab.3b qhia txog kev sib piv ntawm kev sim thiab cov txiaj ntsig tam sim no rau ntau tus khub ntawm Nusselt thiab Dean tus lej rau cov dej txias hauv lub raj sab hauv.Peb qhov sib txawv turbulence qauv tau siv thiab muab piv nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev sim.Raws li qhia hauv daim duab.3b, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua tiav k-ε turbulence qauv tau pom zoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv sim.Yog li ntawd, tus qauv no tau raug xaiv nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no.
Cov lej simulations hauv txoj kev tshawb no tau ua tiav siv ANSYS Fluent 2020 R2.Sau tus neeg siv-Defined Function (UDF) thiab siv nws raws li lub sij hawm input ntawm lub zog sib npaug los xam cov kinetics ntawm cov txheej txheem nqus.PRESTO55 Circuit Court thiab PISO56 txoj kev yog siv rau kev sib txuas lus siab-ceev thiab kev kho siab.Xaiv Greene-Gauss cell puag rau qhov sib txawv gradient.Lub zog sib npaug thiab lub zog sib npaug yog daws los ntawm txoj kev thib ob-txiav upwind.Raws li hais txog qhov qis dua coefficients, lub siab, tshaj tawm, thiab lub zog sib xyaw yog teem rau 0.5, 0.7, thiab 0.7, feem.Cov txheej txheem phab ntsa ua haujlwm yog siv rau HTF hauv cov qauv turbulence.
Nqe lus no nthuav tawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov lej simulations ntawm kev txhim kho cov cua sov sab hauv ntawm MH reactor siv lub coiled coil heat exchanger (HCHE) thiab helical coil heat exchanger (SCHE) thaum lub sij hawm hydrogen absorption.Cov nyhuv ntawm HTF suab ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm lub txaj reactor thiab lub sijhawm nqus tau raug tshuaj xyuas.Cov kev khiav hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem nqus tau raug kawm thiab nthuav tawm hauv ntu kev tshuaj ntsuam rhiab heev.
Txhawm rau tshawb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob hloov pauv hauv MH reactor, peb qhov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob nrog cov pitches sib txawv tau tshawb xyuas.Peb qhov sib txawv ntawm 15mm, 12.86mm thiab 10mm yog xaiv lub cev 1, lub cev 2 thiab lub cev 3 raws li.Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov yeeb nkab txoj kab uas hla yog tsau ntawm 6 hli ntawm qhov pib kub ntawm 573 K thiab loading siab ntawm 1.8 MPa nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub.Ntawm daim duab.4 qhia qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub txaj thiab hydrogen concentration nyob rau hauv MH txheej thaum lub sij hawm hydrogen absorption txheej txheem nyob rau hauv 1 mus rau 3. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlau hydride thiab hydrogen yog exothermic rau cov txheej txheem nqus.Yog li ntawd, qhov kub ntawm lub txaj nce sai heev vim yog lub sijhawm pib thaum hydrogen thawj zaug nkag rau hauv lub reactor.Lub txaj kub nce mus txog thaum nws nce mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txo qis thaum tshav kub yog nqa tawm los ntawm lub coolant, uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias thiab ua raws li lub coolant.Raws li qhia hauv daim duab.4a, vim qhov kev piav qhia dhau los, qhov kub ntawm cov txheej txheem nce nrawm thiab txo qis tsis tu ncua.Cov hydrogen concentration rau cov txheej txheem nqus dej feem ntau yog nyob ntawm lub txaj kub ntawm MH reactor.Thaum qhov nruab nrab txheej kub poob mus rau ib qho kub, cov hlau nto absorbs hydrogen.Qhov no yog vim lub acceleration ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm physisorption, chemisorption, diffusion ntawm hydrogen thiab tsim ntawm nws hydrides nyob rau hauv lub reactor.Los ntawm fig.4b nws tuaj yeem pom tias tus nqi ntawm hydrogen nqus nyob rau hauv rooj plaub 3 yog qis dua li lwm qhov vim yog tus nqi me me ntawm cov coil heat exchanger.Qhov no ua rau qhov ntev ntawm cov kav dej ntev dua thiab qhov chaw hloov hluav taws xob loj dua rau HTF kav.Nrog rau qhov nruab nrab hydrogen concentration ntawm 90%, lub sij hawm nqus rau Case 1 yog 46,276 vib nas this.Piv nrog rau lub sij hawm ntawm kev nqus nyob rau hauv rooj plaub 1, lub sij hawm ntawm kev nqus nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv 2 thiab 3 raug txo los ntawm 724 s thiab 1263 s, feem.Tshooj ntxiv nthuav qhia qhov kub thiab txias hydrogen contours rau cov chaw xaiv hauv HCHE-MH txheej.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ncua deb ntawm cov coils ntawm nruab nrab txheej txheej kub thiab hydrogen concentration.(a) Qhov nruab nrab lub txaj kub rau helical coils, (b) hydrogen concentration rau helical coils, (c) nruab nrab txaj kub rau hemi-cylindrical coils, thiab (d) hydrogen concentration rau hemi-cylindrical coils.
Txhawm rau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob ntawm MG reactor, ob lub HFCs tau tsim los rau qhov ntim tas li ntawm MG (2000 cm3) thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas (100 cm3) ntawm Kev Xaiv 3. Tshooj lus no kuj tseem txiav txim siab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov. coils ntawm 15 hli rau rooj plaub 4, 12.86 hli rau rooj plaub 5 thiab 10 hli rau rooj plaub 6. Nyob rau hauv daim duab.4c, d qhia qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub txaj thiab qhov siab ntawm cov txheej txheem hydrogen nqus ntawm qhov pib kub ntawm 573 K thiab qhov siab ntawm 1.8 MPa.Raws li qhov nruab nrab txheej kub hauv daim duab 4c, qhov sib nrug me me ntawm cov coils nyob rau hauv rooj plaub 6 txo qhov kub ntawm qhov sib piv rau lwm qhov ob.Rau rooj plaub 6, qhov kub ntawm lub txaj qis dua ua rau muaj hydrogen ntau dua (saib daim duab 4d).Lub sijhawm hydrogen uptake rau Variant 4 yog 19542 s, uas yog ntau dua 2 npaug qis dua rau Variants 1-3 siv HCH.Tsis tas li ntawd, piv rau rooj plaub 4, lub sij hawm nqus tau kuj raug txo los ntawm 378 s thiab 1515 s nyob rau hauv rooj plaub 5 thiab 6 nrog qis qis.Tshooj ntxiv nthuav qhia qhov kub thiab txias hydrogen contours rau cov chaw xaiv hauv SCHE-MH txheej.
Txhawm rau kawm txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm ob qhov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob, ntu ntu no piav qhia thiab nthuav qhia qhov ntsuas kub ntawm peb qhov chaw xaiv.Lub MH reactor nrog HCHE los ntawm rooj plaub 3 raug xaiv rau kev sib piv nrog MH reactor uas muaj SCHE nyob rau hauv rooj plaub 4 vim nws muaj qhov tas li MH ntim thiab cov yeeb nkab ntim.Cov kev ua haujlwm rau qhov kev sib piv no yog qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 573 K thiab qhov siab ntawm 1.8 MPa.Ntawm daim duab.5a thiab 5b qhia tag nrho peb txoj haujlwm xaiv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv qhov xwm txheej 3 thiab 4, raws li.Ntawm daim duab.5c qhia qhov kub thiab txias txheej txheej tom qab 20,000 s ntawm hydrogen uptake.Raws li kab 1 hauv daim duab 5c, qhov kub thiab txias nyob ib ncig ntawm TTF los ntawm kev xaiv 3 thiab 4 txo qis vim qhov kub hloov pauv ntawm cov cua txias.Qhov no ua rau muaj ntau dua hydrogen nyob ib ncig ntawm thaj chaw no.Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv ob lub SCHEs ua rau cov txheej txheem ntau dua.Cov lus teb sai dua kinetic tau pom nyob ib puag ncig thaj tsam HTF hauv rooj plaub 4. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 100% kuj pom nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no.Los ntawm kab 2 nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub reactor, qhov kub ntawm rooj plaub 4 yog ho txo qis tshaj qhov kub ntawm rooj plaub 3 nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qhov chaw tsuas yog qhov chaw ntawm lub reactor.Qhov no ua rau qhov siab tshaj plaws hydrogen concentration rau rooj plaub 4 tshwj tsis yog rau thaj tsam ze ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub reactor deb ntawm HTF.Txawm li cas los xij, qhov concentration ntawm rooj plaub 3 tsis hloov ntau.Qhov sib txawv loj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm txheej tau pom nyob rau hauv kab 3 ze ntawm qhov nkag mus rau GTS.Qhov kub ntawm cov txheej hauv rooj plaub 4 poob qis, ua rau qhov siab tshaj plaws hydrogen concentration nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no, thaum lub concentration kab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv 3 yog tseem fluctuating.Qhov no yog vim qhov acceleration ntawm SCHE tshav kub hloov.Cov ntsiab lus thiab kev sib tham ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm qhov nruab nrab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm MH txheej thiab HTF yeeb nkab ntawm rooj plaub 3 thiab rooj plaub 4 yog muab rau hauv seem ntxiv.
Kub profile thiab txaj concentration ntawm cov chaw xaiv hauv cov hlau hydride reactor.(a) Xaiv qhov chaw rau rooj plaub 3, (b) Xaiv qhov chaw rau rooj plaub 4, thiab (c) Qhov kub thiab txias txheej txheej ntawm qhov chaw xaiv tom qab 20,000 s rau cov txheej txheem hydrogen uptake hauv rooj plaub 3 thiab 4.
Ntawm daim duab.Daim duab 6 qhia qhov sib piv ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub txaj (saib daim duab 6a) thiab hydrogen concentration (saib daim duab 6b) rau kev nqus ntawm HCH thiab SHE.Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab no tias qhov kub thiab txias ntawm MG txheej tau txo qis vim qhov nce ntawm qhov kub hloov pauv.Tshem tawm cov cua sov ntau dua los ntawm lub reactor ua rau muaj kev nce siab ntawm hydrogen.Txawm hais tias ob qhov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob muaj qhov sib npaug piv rau kev siv HCHE raws li Kev Xaiv 3, SCHE lub sijhawm hydrogen uptake raws li Kev Xaiv 4 tau txo qis los ntawm 59%.Rau kev soj ntsuam kom ntxaws ntxiv, cov hydrogen concentrations rau ob lub tshav kub exchanger configurations yog qhia raws li isolines nyob rau hauv daim duab 7. Daim duab no qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, hydrogen pib absorbed los ntawm hauv qab no ib ncig ntawm lub HTF inlet.Cov concentrations siab dua tau pom nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam HTF, thaum cov concentrations qis dua tau pom nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm MH reactor vim nws qhov deb ntawm lub tshav kub exchanger.Tom qab 10,000 s, cov hydrogen concentration nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv 4 yog ho siab dua nyob rau hauv rooj plaub 3. Tom qab 20,000 vib nas this, qhov nruab nrab hydrogen concentration nyob rau hauv lub reactor tau nce mus rau 90% nyob rau hauv rooj plaub 4 piv rau 50% hydrogen nyob rau hauv rooj plaub 3. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim mus rau qhov muaj peev xwm ua kom txias dua ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ob lub SCHEs, uas ua rau qis qis hauv MH txheej.Yog li ntawd, ib qho kev sib npaug ntau dua poob rau hauv MG txheej, uas ua rau muaj kev nqus sai dua ntawm hydrogen.
Case 3 thiab Case 4 Kev sib piv ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub txaj kub thiab hydrogen concentration ntawm ob qhov kev sib hloov cua sov.
Kev sib piv ntawm hydrogen concentration tom qab 500, 2000, 5000, 10000 thiab 20000 s tom qab pib cov txheej txheem hydrogen nqus nyob rau hauv rooj plaub 3 thiab rooj plaub 4.
Table 5 qhia txog lub sijhawm ntawm hydrogen uptake rau txhua kis.Tsis tas li ntawd, lub rooj kuj qhia txog lub sij hawm ntawm kev nqus ntawm hydrogen, qhia raws li feem pua.Qhov feem pua ntawm no yog xam raws li lub sijhawm nqus ntawm Case 1. Los ntawm cov lus no, lub sijhawm nqus ntawm MH reactor siv HCHE yog li 45,000 txog 46,000 s, thiab lub sijhawm nqus nrog rau SCHE yog li 18,000 txog 19,000 s.Piv rau Case 1, lub sij hawm nqus hauv Case 2 thiab Case 3 tsuas yog txo los ntawm 1.6% thiab 2.7%, feem.Thaum siv SCHE hloov HCHE, lub sij hawm nqus tau txo qis los ntawm rooj plaub 4 txog 6, los ntawm 58% mus rau 61%.Nws yog qhov tseeb tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm SCHE rau MH reactor zoo heev txhim kho cov txheej txheem hydrogen absorption thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm MH reactor.Txawm hais tias kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv MH txo cov peev txheej khaws cia, cov thev naus laus zis no muab kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov hluav taws xob piv rau lwm cov thev naus laus zis.Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txo qis tus nqi yuav nce qhov ntim ntawm SCHE, uas ua rau txo qis ntawm MH.Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub 6 nrog lub siab tshaj plaws SCHE ntim, MH volumetric muaj peev xwm tsuas yog txo los ntawm 5% piv rau cov ntaub ntawv 1 nrog qhov qis tshaj HCHE ntim.Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum nqus tau, rooj plaub 6 tau pom sai dua thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua nrog 61% txo lub sijhawm nqus.Yog li cov ntaub ntawv 6 tau raug xaiv rau kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam rhiab heev.Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lub sij hawm ntev hydrogen uptake yog txuam nrog ib tug cia tank uas muaj ib tug MH ntim ntawm txog 2000 cm3.
Cov kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam zoo lossis tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm MH reactor nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tiag.Txoj kev tshawb no txiav txim siab qhov kev soj ntsuam rhiab heev los txiav txim siab qhov tsim nyog qhov pib ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau MH reactor ua ke nrog SCHE, thiab ntu no tshawb xyuas plaub qhov kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb raws li qhov kev pom zoo ntawm lub reactor configuration nyob rau hauv rooj plaub 6. Cov txiaj ntsig rau txhua qhov kev khiav hauj lwm muaj nyob hauv Daim duab 8.
Daim duab ntawm hydrogen concentration nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev khiav hauj lwm thaum siv lub tshav kub exchanger nrog ib tug semi-cylindrical kauj.(a) loading siab, (b) thawj txaj kub, (c) coolant Reynolds tooj, thiab (d) coolant inlet kub.
Raws li qhov ntsuas kub tsis tu ncua ntawm 573 K thiab qhov ntsuas qhov dej txias nrog Reynolds tus naj npawb ntawm 14,000, plaub qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev sib tw tau xaiv: 1.2 MPa, 1.8 MPa, 2.4 MPa, thiab 3.0 MPa.Ntawm daim duab.8a qhia txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev thauj khoom siab thiab SCHE ntawm hydrogen concentration dhau sijhawm.Lub sij hawm nqus tau txo nrog nce loading siab.Kev siv cov tshuaj hydrogen siab ntawm 1.2 MPa yog qhov phem tshaj plaws rau cov txheej txheem hydrogen nqus, thiab lub sijhawm nqus dej ntau tshaj 26,000 s kom ua tiav 90% hydrogen nqus.Txawm li cas los xij, qhov siab dua loading ua rau 32-42% txo lub sij hawm nqus los ntawm 1.8 mus rau 3.0 MPa.Qhov no yog vim qhov pib siab dua ntawm hydrogen, uas ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug thiab qhov kev siv siab.Yog li ntawd, qhov no tsim lub zog tsav loj rau hydrogen uptake kinetics.Thaum pib lub sijhawm, cov roj hydrogen tau nrawm nrawm vim qhov sib txawv loj ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug thiab qhov siab thov 57.Ntawm qhov chaw thau khoom siab ntawm 3.0 MPa, 18% hydrogen tau nrawm nrawm thaum thawj 10 vib nas this.Hydrogen tau khaws cia rau hauv 90% ntawm cov reactors nyob rau theem kawg rau 15460 s.Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm kev thauj khoom siab ntawm 1.2 txog 1.8 MPa, lub sijhawm nqus tau txo qis los ntawm 32%.Lwm qhov kev ntxhov siab ntau dua tau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg dua rau kev txhim kho lub sijhawm nqus.Yog li, nws raug pom zoo tias qhov chaw thau khoom siab ntawm MH-SCHE reactor yog 1.8 MPa.Cov seem ntxiv qhia cov hydrogen concentration contours rau ntau yam loading pressures ntawm 15500 s.
Kev xaiv ntawm qhov tsim nyog qhov kub thiab txias ntawm MH reactor yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem hydrogen adsorption, vim nws cuam tshuam rau kev tsav tsheb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydride tsim.Txhawm rau kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm SCHE ntawm qhov pib kub ntawm MH reactor, plaub qhov kub sib txawv tau xaiv ntawm qhov chaw thau khoom tas li ntawm 1.8 MPa thiab Reynolds tus naj npawb ntawm 14,000 HTF.Ntawm daim duab.Daim duab 8b qhia txog kev sib piv ntawm ntau qhov pib kub, suav nrog 473K, 523K, 573K, thiab 623K.Qhov tseeb, thaum qhov kub siab tshaj 230 ° C lossis 503K58, Mg2Ni alloy muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo rau cov txheej txheem hydrogen nqus.Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm pib ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj hydrogen, qhov kub thiab txias nce sai.Yog li ntawd, qhov kub ntawm MG txheej yuav ntau tshaj 523 K. Yog li ntawd, qhov tsim ntawm hydrides yog yooj yim vim qhov nqus tau ntau dua 53.Los ntawm fig.Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab 8b tias hydrogen absorbed sai dua li qhov pib kub ntawm MB txheej txo qis.Kev sib npaug qis qis tshwm sim thaum qhov pib kub qis dua.Qhov ntau dua qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug thiab qhov kev siv siab, cov txheej txheem ntawm hydrogen nqus sai dua.Ntawm qhov pib kub ntawm 473 K, hydrogen sai sai absorbed mus txog 27% nyob rau hauv thawj 18 vib nas this.Tsis tas li ntawd, lub sij hawm nqus tau kuj txo los ntawm 11% mus rau 24% ntawm qhov qis qis pib piv rau qhov pib kub ntawm 623 K. Lub sij hawm nqus ntawm qhov qis tshaj pib ntawm 473 K yog 15247 s, uas zoo ib yam li qhov zoo tshaj plaws. cov ntaub ntawv loading siab, txawm li cas los xij, qhov txo qis hauv qhov pib kub ntawm reactor kub ua rau txo qis hauv hydrogen cia peev.Thawj qhov kub ntawm MN reactor yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 503 K53.Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum pib kub ntawm 573 K53, qhov siab tshaj plaws hydrogen cia muaj peev xwm ntawm 3.6 wt% tuaj yeem ua tiav.Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm hydrogen cia muaj peev xwm thiab lub sij hawm nqus, qhov kub ntawm 523 thiab 573 K txo lub sij hawm los ntawm tsuas yog 6%.Yog li ntawd, qhov kub ntawm 573 K tau npaj siab ua qhov kub thiab txias ntawm MH-SCHE reactor.Txawm li cas los xij, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov pib ntawm cov txheej txheem nqus tau tsawg dua piv rau qhov kev thauj khoom siab.Cov seem ntxiv qhia txog cov contours ntawm hydrogen concentration rau ntau yam pib kub ntawm 15500 s.
Tus nqi ntws yog ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm hydrogenation thiab dehydrogenation vim tias nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev kub ntxhov thiab kev tshem tawm cua sov los yog tawm tswv yim thaum hydrogenation thiab dehydrogenation59.Cov nqi ntws siab yuav ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab ua rau cov kua dej nrawm dua los ntawm HTF tubing.Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yuav ua rau kom muaj cua sov sai dua.Qhov sib txawv nkag nrawm rau HTF yog xam raws li Reynolds tus lej ntawm 10,000, 14,000, 18,000, thiab 22,000.Thawj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm MG txheej tau kho ntawm 573 K thiab qhov siab ntawm 1.8 MPa.Cov txiaj ntsig hauv fig.8c qhia tau tias siv tus lej Reynolds ntau dua nrog rau SCHE ua rau muaj kev nce siab dua.Raws li Reynolds tus naj npawb nce los ntawm 10,000 mus rau 22,000, lub sij hawm nqus tau txo los ntawm 28-50%.Lub sij hawm nqus ntawm Reynolds tus naj npawb ntawm 22,000 yog 12,505 vib nas this, uas yog tsawg tshaj li ntawm ntau qhov pib qhov kub thiab txias.Hydrogen concentration contours rau ntau tus lej Reynolds rau GTP ntawm 12500 s tau nthuav tawm hauv seem ntxiv.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm SCHE ntawm qhov pib kub ntawm HTF yog tshuaj xyuas thiab qhia hauv daim duab 8d.Ntawm qhov pib MG kub ntawm 573 K thiab hydrogen loading siab ntawm 1.8 MPa, plaub qhov pib kub tau xaiv rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no: 373 K, 473 K, 523 K, thiab 573 K. 8d qhia tau hais tias qhov txo qis hauv qhov ntsuas kub ntawm lub coolant. ntawm lub inlet ua rau kom txo tau lub sij hawm nqus.Piv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus nrog qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 573 K, lub sij hawm nqus tau txo los ntawm kwv yees li 20%, 44% thiab 56% rau inlet kub ntawm 523 K, 473 K thiab 373 K, feem.Ntawm 6917 s, qhov pib kub ntawm GTF yog 373 K, hydrogen concentration hauv reactor yog 90%.Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev txhim kho cov cua kub hloov pauv ntawm MG txheej thiab HCS.HTF kub qis dua yuav ua rau kom muaj cua sov thiab ua rau muaj kev nce hydrogen.Ntawm txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm, kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm MH-SCHE reactor los ntawm kev ua kom HTF inlet kub yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws, txij li lub sijhawm kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem nqus tau tsawg dua 7000 s, thaum lub sij hawm nqus tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm lwm txoj kev yog ntau dua. ntau tshaj 10000 s.Hydrogen concentration contours tau nthuav tawm rau ntau yam pib kub ntawm GTP rau 7000 s.
Txoj kev tshawb no nthuav tawm thawj zaug ib qho tshiab semi-cylindrical coil heat exchanger integrated rau hauv cov hlau hydride cia chav tsev.Lub peev xwm ntawm qhov kev thov kom nqus cov hydrogen tau tshawb xyuas nrog ntau yam kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm kev sib pauv cua sov ntawm cov hlau hydride txheej thiab cov khoom ua kom txias tau tshawb xyuas txhawm rau txhawm rau nrhiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau khaws cov hlau hydrides siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshiab.Cov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau sau tseg raws li hauv qab no:
Nrog rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob semi-cylindrical coil heat exchanger, qhov kev hloov hluav taws xob hloov pauv tau zoo dua vim tias nws muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua nyob rau hauv magnesium txheej reactor, uas ua rau muaj qhov zoo dua hydrogen nqus.Muab hais tias qhov ntim ntawm lub raj xa hluav taws xob thiab cov hlau hydride tseem tsis hloov, lub sij hawm nqus cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txo los ntawm 59% piv rau cov pa coiled coil heat exchanger.
Post lub sij hawm: Jan-15-2023