347 stainless hlau chemical muaj pes tsawg leeg Qhov loj ntawm venous lossis capillary ntshav, tshwj xeeb rau SARS-CoV-2, T-cell cov lus teb txiav txim kev tiv thaiv rau COVID-19.

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Sliders qhia peb kab lus rau ib tus swb.Siv cov nyees khawm rov qab thiab tom ntej kom txav mus los ntawm cov slides, lossis cov khawm tswj swb thaum kawg kom txav mus los ntawm txhua tus swb.

347 stainless hlau tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg

Stainless hlau 347 Coil Tube tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg

Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm stainless hlau 347 coil raj yog raws li nram no:
- Cov pa roj carbon - 0.030% max
Chromium - 17-19%
Nickel - 8-10.5%.
Manganese - 1% max

Stainless hlau 347 Coil Tube Mechanical Properties

Raws li Stainless Hlau 347 Coil Tube Chaw tsim tshuaj paus, Mechanical Properties of 347 Coil Tube:
- Tensile Zog (psi) - 75,000 min
- Yield zog (psi) - 30,000 min
- Elongation (% hauv 2 ") - 25% min
- Brinell Hardness (BHN) - 170 max

Kev Siv & Kev Siv Cov Hlau Stainless 347 Coil Tube

• Stainless hlau 347 Coil Tube siv hauv Qab Zib Mills.
• Stainless hlau 347 Coil Tube siv hauv Fertilizer.
• Stainless hlau 347 Coil Tube siv hauv kev lag luam.
• Stainless hlau 347 Coil Tube siv nyob rau hauv cov fais fab nroj tsuag.
• Stainless hlau 347 Coil Tube siv rau hauv Khoom noj khoom haus thiab khoom noj siv mis.
• Stainless hlau 347 Coil Tube siv hauv Roj thiab Roj Cog.
• Stainless hlau 347 Coil Tube Chaw tsim tshuaj paus siv nyob rau hauv ShipBuilding Industry.

SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells tau xav tias yuav tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm COVID-19, tab sis tsis muaj pov thawj ncaj qha rau qhov no.Ntawm no, peb piv tag nrho cov ntshav ntsuas ntawm SARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-γ zoo T cells nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm COVID-19 kuaj pom (PCR thiab / lossis sab nraud ntws) hauv 6 lub hlis ntawm Lian cov ntshav sau.Ntawm 148 tus neeg koom nrog uas pub cov ntshav venous kuaj, qhov loj ntawm SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell teb tau ntau dua nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dua li cov neeg mob (P <0.0001).% kev pheej hmoo kis tus kab mob, thaum muaj kev siv siab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo rau 5.4%.Cov txiaj ntsig no tau nthuav dav ntxiv rau 299 tus neeg koom ntxiv uas tau kuaj qhov ntsuas cov ntshav capillary uas tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv kab mob T-cell (14.9% vs. 4.4%).Yog li, kev ntsuas ntawm T hlwb tshwj xeeb rau SARS-CoV-2 tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob thiab yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam thaum saib xyuas tus kheej thiab cov neeg tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev ntsuas thiab nkag siab txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob SARS-CoV-2 yog qhov tseem ceeb los tsim cov tswv yim zoo rau yav tom ntej kom txo qis kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem thiab kev lag luam cuam tshuam txog kev kis tus kab mob COVID-19 yav tom ntej.Kev txheeb xyuas cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog cov pej xeem muaj kev pheej hmoo kis tus kab mob, tej zaum yuav ceeb toom ntxov ntawm kev mus pw hauv tsev kho mob siab kawg, thiab tseem tso cai rau tib neeg los tswj hwm lawv txoj kev pheej hmoo kis kab mob thiab kev pheej hmoo kis rau lwm tus.Kev soj ntsuam kev tiv thaiv kab mob tau ua pov thawj tseem ceeb los ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 hauv cov neeg mob noj qab haus huv thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo siab 1,2,3 tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv SARS-CoV-24 mutants, thiab kev kuaj pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav txhais tau tias yuav tsum tau txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob tau txhaj tshuaj thiab tiv thaiv. kev tshwm sim yav tom ntej.
Ib tus neeg muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob SARS-CoV-2 nyob ntawm ntau yam: kis kab mob thaum lub sijhawm kis tus kab mob, kab mob sib txawv, hnub nyoog, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los / kis kab mob, comorbidities, tshuaj noj, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj, kev tiv thaiv kab mob SARS-CoV. .2 Kev hloov lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm raug tus kab mob 5.Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 thiab / lossis kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tsom mus rau kev soj ntsuam serological uas ntsuas qhov muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb rau cov qauv protein (xws li spike glycoprotein).Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib leeg tsis raug txiav txim siab txog kev tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, raws li cov lus teb tau txo qis rau lub sijhawm 6 thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm SARS-CoV-2 variants hauv kev rov qab los lossis muab tshuaj tiv thaiv ob npaug rau cov neeg tsis muaj zog, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov loj. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob sib kis 7.Tseeb tiag, kev tiv thaiv cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob COVID-19 tshwm sim los ntawm Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) waned mus txog 10% tom qab tsuas yog 4-6 lub hlis ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj mRNA, txawm tias kev tiv thaiv kab mob hnyav ntxiv> 68% rau tsawg kawg 7 lub hlis 8.Kev ntsuas kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cim xeeb T cell teb, uas muab kev tiv thaiv mus sij hawm ntev tiv thaiv tus kab mob, yog qhov qhia tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev nkag mus rau SARS-CoV-2 tus kab mob, thiab yog li qhov qhia tau zoo dua ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kuaj pom zoo rau COVID-199, txij li tshwj xeeb T hlwb tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kab mob.tsis muaj seroconversion10,11.Txawm li cas los xij, kev ntsuas ntawm T cell cov lus teb tau txais kev saib xyuas tsawg dua vim yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab teeb meem kev thauj mus los hauv kev tau txais thiab thauj cov ntshav venous, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua cov kev tshawb fawb loj los soj ntsuam kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv kab mob.Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau qhia T cell ua haujlwm tiv thaiv SARS-CoV-2 qhov sib txawv, muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam qhov kev poob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kom txo qis qhov hnyav ntawm COVID-1912,13.
Ntawm no, peb nrhiav kom nkag siab seb qhov kev ntsuas ib leeg ntawm SARS-CoV-2 T cell teb tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 tsis pub dhau 6 lub hlis ntawm kev kuaj ntshav, tsis hais txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob ua ntej.Txhawm rau ua kom T cell test siab dhau los thiab siv tau rau cov kev tshawb fawb loj, peb kuj tau sim ua qhov ntsuas me me kom nws tuaj yeem ua tau siv cov qauv ntshav capillary ntiv tes.
Peb ntsuas cov cellular thiab humoral tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov neeg noj qab haus huv uas siv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm SARS-CoV-2 T cells thiab IgG cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li cov ntshav venous tag nrho (rau cov neeg koom nrog, saib Lub Peb Hlis 2022 14. Hauv cov neeg pub dawb, SARS-CoV-2- Cov lus teb tshwj xeeb T-cellular tau txiav txim los ntawm kev ntsuas ntshav plasma interferon-γ (IFN-γ) tom qab tag nrho cov ntshav stimulation nrog SARS-CoV-2 peptide (raws li yav dhau los, refs. 14,15,16,17,18) thiab IgG cov lus teb cuam tshuam. nrog nucleocapsid (N) tau nce ntxiv hauv cov neeg uas tau tshaj tawm txog tus kab mob yav dhau los, txawm hais tias ob qho lus teb tau siab dua hauv cov neeg mob uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los, qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv lub cev (Fig. 1a, b). IgG cov lus teb tawm tsam spike glycoproteins (RBD, S1, S2) yog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv cov neeg uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los (Daim duab 1c–e).
SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T cell teb tau ntsuas los ntawm venous whole blood assay thiab raws li cov neeg koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ua ntej tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 (paub tseeb los ntawm PCR thiab / lossis lateral flow test)' Vac + /Inf +' n = 60 (ntsuab), 'Vac + / Inf-' n = 82 (xiav), 'Vac-/Inf +' n = 4 (daj), 'Vac-/Inf-' n = 1 (tsis siv).SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG binding reactions target nucleocapsid (“N”) (b; ****P < 0.0001, **P = 0.0016), spiked receptor-binding domain (“RBD”) (c; ** P = 0.0022, *P < 0.015), spike subunit 1 (“S1”) (d; ***P = 0.0005, *(Vac + /Inf+ vs. Vac + /Inf-) P = 0.022, *(Vac- /Inf+ vs. Vac+/Inf-) P = 0.012) thiab peak subunit 2 (“S2”) (e) tau ntsuas los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav venous tag nrho thiab raws li cov neeg koom nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ua ntej SARS-CoV-2 (kev lees paub los ntawm PCR thiab/ los yog lateral flow test) kis kab mob.'Vac + /Inf +' n = 60 (ntsuab), 'Vac + /Inf-' n = 71-82 (xiav), 'Vac-/Inf +' n = 4 (daj).Kev sib piv tau tsim los ntawm kev sim Kruskal-Wallis, kho rau ntau qhov kev sib piv siv Dunn test.Cov ntaub ntawv yog tso tawm raws li kab kos (kab kab nruab nrab ntawm nruab nrab, sab sauv txwv ntawm 75 feem pua, txo qis ntawm 25 feem pua ​​​​ntawm) nrog whiskers ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws.Txhua lub dot sawv cev rau tus neeg pub dawb.Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos yog muab rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw cov ntaub ntawv.
Tom qab kuaj ntshav, cov neeg koom tau raug hais kom tus kheej qhia txog PCR zoo thiab/lossis cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj ntshav rau COVID-19;Yog tias cov neeg koom nrog kuaj pom qhov zoo thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 2021 thiab 29 Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2021, lawv tau xav tias yuav kis tus kabmob Delta (B.1.617.2) variant coronavirus thiab Omicron (B.1.1.529) rau Public Health Wales tom qab Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 29, 2021, thaum qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev txhawj xeeb no dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb.Ntawm 148 tus neeg pub dawb uas muaj txiaj ntsig, peb tau pom qhov kis tus kab mob ntawm 26.3% (39/148) nyob rau hauv 6 lub hlis ntawm kev pub ntshav, 38 ntawm lawv tau txais koob thib ob lossis thib peb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 (kev sib kis tau tshwm sim tom qab Pfizer/BioNTech ( BNT162b2) mRNA vaccine or AstraZeneca vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19));tus neeg pub dawb uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kuj kis tau.Qhov loj ntawm SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ-zoo T cell cov lus teb tau qis dua hauv cov neeg uas tau tshaj tawm qhov kev kuaj pom zoo rau COVID-19 dua li cov neeg pub dawb tsis muaj kab mob (P < 0.0001; Fig. 2a), feem ntau yog vim Kev pom zoo ntawm T cell teb los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qee cov neeg koom (P = 0.050; Ntxiv Fig. 1).Tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov loj ntawm IFN-γ+ T cell teb thiab lub sijhawm rau qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm COVID-19 (Cov duab ntxiv 2).Hauv qhov sib piv, tsis yog RBD-, S1-, S2-binding IgG cov lus teb (Figures 2b–d) los yog RBD-, S1-neutralizing antibody cov lus teb tau tshwj xeeb rau hom tsiaj qus lossis delta SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.617).) (Cov duab ntxiv 3) tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob.Txawm li cas los xij, qis N-linked IgG cov lus teb tawm tsam SARS-CoV-2 cuam tshuam nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob COVID-19 (P = 0.0084; Daim duab 2e);Cov neeg uas kuaj pom qhov zoo yog 85% tsawg dua (P = 0.00035; LOSSIS 0.15, 95).% CI: 0.047–0.39 (Cov duab ntxiv 4).
Venous blood samples los ntawm cov neeg pub noj qab haus huv (n = 148) tau soj ntsuam SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T-cell responses (a; ****P < 0.0001) thiab khi ntawm Spike receptor rau SARS-CoV. -2 stimulus.domain (“RBD”) (b), spike 1 subunit (“S1″) (c), spike 2 subunit (“S2″) (d), thiab nucleocapsid (“N”) (e; ** P = 0.0084 ) .Cov neeg koom nrog uas tau kuaj pom qhov zoo rau COVID-19 (PCR thiab/lossis sab nraud) tau txheeb xyuas;tag nrho cov kab mob tshwm sim hauv 6 lub hlis ntawm kev kuaj ntshav.Kev sib piv tau ua los ntawm kev sim ob-tailed Mann-Whitney.Cov ntaub ntawv yog tso tawm raws li kab kos (kab kab nruab nrab ntawm nruab nrab, sab sauv txwv ntawm 75 feem pua, txo qis ntawm 25 feem pua ​​​​ntawm) nrog whiskers ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws.Txhua lub dot sawv cev rau tus neeg pub dawb.ns tsis tseem ceeb.Lub heatmap f qhia Spearman qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg.Cov kev sib piv uas tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tau raug cais tawm ntawm cov matrix thiab cim nrog cov hlwb dawb.Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos yog muab rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw cov ntaub ntawv.
Lub preset diagnostic zoo txiav tawm ntawm 14 tau txiav txim siab dhau arbitrary los soj ntsuam qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm rov kis kab mob, yog li interquartile ranges tau tsim los tsim kom muaj qhov tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo.Cov qauv kev txheeb cais, uas tsuas yog suav nrog cov kev hloov pauv uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov txiaj ntsig, pom tias qhov loj ntawm SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T cell teb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tiv thaiv kab mob biomarker rau kev txiav txim siab tus neeg muaj feem yuav ua tau. kuaj rau COVID.-19 qhov zoo (Daim duab 2f thiab ntxiv daim duab 4).Cov neeg mob uas muaj SARS-CoV-2 tshwj xeeb IFN-γ+ T cell teb hauv qhov thib peb (194-489 pg/ml IFN-γ) thiab thib plaub (> 489 pg/ml IFN-γ) quartiles 65% (P = 0.055; LOSSIS 0.35, 95% CI: 0.11–1.00) thiab 90% (P = 0.0050; LOSSIS 0.098, 95% CI: 0.014–0.42) muaj ntau tus neeg koom.Qhov muaj feem yuav yuag (Cov duab ntxiv 4).Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov neeg koom nrog SARS-CoV-2 cov lus teb tshwj xeeb T cell los ntawm cov ntshav venous ≤79 pg/mL IFN-γ muaj 43.2% kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib kis ntawm 6 lub hlis, piv nrog cov lus teb > 489 pg/mL.ml ntawm IFN-γ muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob ntawm 5.4% (table 2).
Kev kuaj ntshav tag nrho ntawm Venous yog txwv nyob rau hauv qhov kev xav tau vim qhov xav tau ntawm cov qauv sau los ntawm phlebotomist.Txhawm rau kom muaj T cell thiab IgG kuaj rau SARS-CoV-2, lwm txoj kev kuaj ntshav capillary tau tsim los ua kom cov neeg koom tau txais cov ntshav ntiv tes hauv tsev.Rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm peb txoj kev paub, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv dhau los ntawm kev ntsuas ntawm antigen tshwj xeeb T cell ua haujlwm hauv cov qauv ntshav capillary.Ib qho kev sib raug zoo muaj zog yav dhau los tau tshwm sim ntawm cov lymphocyte suav tau siv cov qauv ntshav capillary thiab venous.Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau raug tshaj tawm tias tag nrho cov ntshav-raws li kev ntsuas ntsuas SARS-CoV-2-cov lus teb tshwj xeeb T cell siv tsuas yog 320 μL ntawm cov ntshav venous, 20 tshem tawm kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov zaus ntawm progenitor T hlwb hauv cov qauv ntshav capillary.
Peb tau siv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev sib koom tes siab ntawm SARS-CoV-2 T hlwb thiab IgG cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li cov ntshav capillary tag nrho los ntsuas cov cellular thiab humoral tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov neeg koom nrog ntau yam sib txawv thiab ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv / kis kab mob (Table 1).tau nrhiav neeg los ntawm thoob plaws tebchaws Askiv thaum 24 Lub Ib Hlis thiab 14 Lub Peb Hlis 202214. Feem ntau (90.9%) ntawm cov ntiv tes kuaj tau raug thiab xa mus rau chav kuaj hauv 24 teev ntawm kev sau.Qee zaum, cov qauv tau txais tsis pub dhau 48 teev tom qab kuaj ntshav, tab sis tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov qauv no dhau los ntawm kev kuaj xyuas zoo thiab tsis cuam tshuam tag nrho T cell lossis kev ntsuas tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (Ntxiv daim duab 5).Txawm hais tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov loj ntawm SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T cell teb ntsuas nyob rau hauv cov kab mob capillary thiab venous ntshav hauv qee tus neeg, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tag nrho (P = 0.88; Ntxiv daim duab 6. ).).
SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T cell cov lus teb tau nce ntau hauv cov neeg tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tau tshaj tawm tus kab mob yav dhau los (P = 0.0001), tab sis tsis ntau dua li cov neeg uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los (P = 0.19, Fig. 3 a).).IgG cov lus teb tawm tsam spike glycoprotein (RBD, S1, S2) tau nce siab dua hauv cov neeg muab tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dua li cov neeg tsis tau txhaj tshuaj, tsis hais txog tus kab mob ua ntej (Daim duab 3b-d).Qhov zoo siab, qhov txhais tau tias N-bound IgG cov lus teb tau siab tshaj plaws hauv cov neeg uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los piv rau cov neeg koom nrog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, txawm hais tias qhov no tsis ncav cuag qhov tseem ceeb (Daim duab 3e).Ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tsis muaj kab mob uas tau tshaj tawm nws tus kheej, 15 ntawm 37 (40.5%) cov neeg koom tau zoo rau N-txuas IgG, siab dua qhov pib ua ntej ntawm 2.0 BAU / mL14;15 tus neeg koom kaum ob ntawm cov neeg mob no tau kuaj pom zoo rau IFN-γ+ T cell teb saum toj kawg nkaus qhov pib ntawm 22.7 pg / mL IFN-γ14.Yog li, nws zoo li cov neeg koom nrog yav dhau los tau kis tus kabmob SARS-CoV-2 thiab tsis tau kuaj rau COVID-19 vim yog kev xaiv ntawm tus kheej, tsis muaj PCR thiab / lossis cov khoom siv sab nraud, lossis tsis muaj tsos mob.Txawm hais tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm T cell cov lus teb rau IFN-γ+ thiab N-txuas IgG qib hauv cov neeg tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv (P = 0.0044; Daim duab ntxiv, N-txuas IgG cov lus teb txo qis dua N-txuas IgG teb, whereas IFN-γ + Cov lus teb T cell tau khaws cia tsis hais txog qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, txawm hais tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg pub dawb ntawm 50 lub lis piam tom qab kev sib tw tsawg (Ntxiv Fig. 8). Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau txawv me ntsis hauv kev soj ntsuam IgG cov lus teb tshwj xeeb rau SARS-CoV-2, T. cov hlwb thiab RBD-koom nrog, txawm hais tias cov neeg koom nrog uas tau txais ob koob tshuaj BNT162b2 ua raws los ntawm mRNA1273 revaccination tau pom ntau dua ntawm IFN-γ + T hlwb tau nkag siab ntau dua rau SARS-CoV-2 dua li cov uas tau txais ob koob ntawm ChAdOx1 thiab BNT162b2 (Ntxiv. Daim duab 9) Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob comorbidities tau tshaj tawm muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv cov lus teb T cell uas tau pom zoo piv rau cov neeg pub noj qab haus huv (Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv 10).
SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T cell cov lus teb tau ntsuas los ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav capillary assay thiab tau ua raws li cov neeg koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ua ntej SARS-CoV-2 infectious status (confirmed by PCR and/or lateral flow test).'Vac + / Inf +' n = 42 (ntsuab), 'Vac + / Inf-' n = 158 (xiav), 'Vac-/Inf +' n = 33 (daj), 'Vac- / Inf-' n = 37 (zeeg).****P < 0.0001, ***P = 0.0001, *(Vac+/Inf- vs. Vac-/Inf-) P = 0.045, *(Vac-/Inf+ vs. Vac- /Inf-) P = 0.014 .SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG binding reactions to the spike receptor binding domain (“RBD”) (b; ****P < 0.0001, ns: not significant), spike subunit 1 (“S1”) (c; * * **P <0.0001, ns: tsis tseem ceeb), spike subunit 2 ("S2") (d; ****P <0.0001, ***P = 0.0005, *P = 0.016) thiab nucleocapsid ("N") (e; ****P < 0.0001, ns tsis tseem ceeb) tau ntsuas los ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov ntshav venous tag nrho thiab raws li cov neeg koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ua ntej SARS-CoV-2 (tau lees paub los ntawm PCR thiab / lossis lateral flow analysis) Cov kab mob raug faib los ntawm xwm txheej.'Vac + /Inf +' n = 46 (ntsuab), 'Vac + / Inf-' n = 182 (xiav), 'Vac-/Inf +' n = 34 (daj), 'Vac-/Inf-' n = 37 (zeeg).Kev sib piv tau tsim los ntawm kev sim Kruskal-Wallis, kho rau ntau qhov kev sib piv siv Dunn test.Cov ntaub ntawv yog tso tawm raws li kab kos (kab kab nruab nrab ntawm nruab nrab, sab sauv txwv ntawm 75 feem pua, txo qis ntawm 25 feem pua ​​​​ntawm) nrog whiskers ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws.Txhua lub dot sawv cev rau tus neeg pub dawb.Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos yog muab rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw cov ntaub ntawv.
Raws li yav dhau los, cov neeg koom tau raug hais kom tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo PCR thiab / lossis cov ntshav ntws sab nraud rau COVID-19;Raws li UK Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, cov neeg koom tau suav tias tau kis tus kabmob Omicron coronavirus (B.1.1.529) thaum lub sijhawm kuaj tus kabmob zoo sib txawv, vim nws yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws Askiv thaum lub sijhawm kawm.Ntawm 299 tus neeg pub dawb uas muaj txiaj ntsig, peb tau pom qhov kis tus kab mob ntawm 8.0% (24/299) hauv peb lub hlis ntawm kev pub dawb capillary, xya qhov uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj.Qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov neeg koom nrog tau qis dua hauv cov neeg uas kuaj pom qhov zoo rau COVID-19 (10.7%) dua li cov uas tau kuaj pom tsis zoo rau COVID-19 (24.4%, Table 1), uas tej zaum yuav yog vim muaj cov neeg koom nrog qee yam. Cov kab mob tau ceev faj ntau dua thiab tiv thaiv cov txiaj ntsig zoo xws li ntshav qab zib thiab mob qog noj ntshav.Raws li pom nyob rau hauv cov ntshav venous cohort, SARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-zoo T cells ntsuas hauv cov ntshav capillary los ntawm cov tib neeg qhia txog kev kuaj pom zoo rau COVID-19.Qhov loj ntawm cov lus teb tau qis dua hauv cov neeg pub dawb uas tsis muaj kab mob (P = 0.034; Daim duab 4a) vim qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm T cell teb los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab / lossis kab mob ua ntej (Cov duab ntxiv 11).Ib yam li ntawd, tsis yog RBD-, S1-, S2-binding IgG cov lus teb (Figures 4b–d) los yog RBD-, S1-neutralizing antibody cov lus teb tshwj xeeb rau cov tsiaj qus lossis delta SARS-CoV-2 (B. 1.617).(Daim duab ntxiv 12).Cov tib neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob loj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau.Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov venous cohort, N-txog IgG cov lus teb kuj tsis txawv qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm COVID-19 (Daim duab 4e), qhia tias Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) nce kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov neeg mob yav dhau los, raws li tsis ntev los no tau piav qhia 21. Hauv qhov sib piv, lub zog ntawm SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ T cell teb yog qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev txiav txim siab tus kheej ntawm kev kuaj pom zoo rau COVID-19 (Daim duab 4f).Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov neeg koom nrog SARS-CoV-2-specific capillary T-cell teb ≤23.7 pg/mL IFN-γ muaj 14.9% kev pheej hmoo kis mob ntawm peb lub hlis piv rau cov lus teb > 141.6 pg/mL.ml ib.-γ muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob ntawm 4.4% (Table 2).
IFN-γ+ T cell responses specific for SARS-CoV-2 (a; *P = 0.034) and SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG-targeted receptor-binding domain (“RBD”) (b), spike subunit 1 (' S1′) (c), spike subunit 2 ('S2′) (d) thiab nucleocapsid binding cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ('N') (e).Cov neeg koom nrog pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qhov kev sim COVID-19 (PCR thiab / lossis kev kuaj ntshav tom qab), tag nrho cov kab mob tshwm sim hauv 3 lub hlis ntawm kev kuaj ntshav.Kev sib piv tau ua los ntawm kev sim ob-tailed Mann-Whitney.Cov ntaub ntawv yog tso tawm raws li kab kos (kab kab nruab nrab ntawm nruab nrab, sab sauv txwv ntawm 75 feem pua, txo qis ntawm 25 feem pua ​​​​ntawm) nrog whiskers ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws.Txhua lub dot sawv cev rau tus neeg pub dawb.ns tsis tseem ceeb.Lub heatmap f qhia Spearman qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg.Kev sib piv uas tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tau raug cais tawm ntawm cov matrix thiab cim nrog cov hlwb dawb.Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos yog muab rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw cov ntaub ntawv.
Raws li peb txav mus rau theem tom ntej ntawm COVID-19 kev kis thoob qhov txhia chaw, lub hom phiaj yuav hloov los ntawm kev tiv thaiv mus rau kev tswj hwm tus kheej thiab txheeb xyuas cov tswv cuab tsis muaj zog hauv zej zog.Tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau COVID-19 yog qhov tseem ceeb los txheeb xyuas thiab kho cov pab pawg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab.Tam sim no muaj pov thawj ntxiv tias T-cell tiv thaiv kab mob SARS-CoV-2 thiab txwv qhov hnyav ntawm COVID-1910.Cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm no qhia tau hais tias kev sib koom ua ke ntawm SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T cell teb tiv thaiv kab mob, daim nyias nyias, thiab nucleocapsid cov txheej txheem cov protein muab kev tiv thaiv ntau dua tiv thaiv COVID-19 ntau dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib khi.19 txhawb lossis cuam tshuam cov lus teb. .thiab yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum ntsuas tus kheej thiab / lossis pab tsiaj tiv thaiv kab mob.Cov kab mob RNA xws li SARS-CoV-2 lossis kab mob khaub thuas A (IAV) zam kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo los ntawm kev hloov pauv sai sai ntawm cov kab mob B-cell epitopes ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv saum npoo uas pom los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.Kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm T hlwb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub hom phiaj ntawm epitopes los ntawm thaj chaw khaws cia ntau dua ntawm cov kab mob sib kis uas tsis tuaj yeem khiav tawm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.T cell-mediated tiv thaiv tawm tsam tshiab SARS-CoV-2 variants zoo ib yam li cov heterosubtypic tiv thaiv mediated los ntawm T cell targeting conserved intrinsic proteins pom nyob rau hauv IAV22,23 subtypes.
Txawm hais tias muaj peev xwm loj heev rau kev ntsuas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev rau COVID-19, qhov kev saib xyuas me me tau raug them rau kev txhim kho qhov tseeb, kev ua haujlwm siab, cov qauv ntsuas T-cell.Cov kev nyuaj ib txwm muaj thiab cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog kev ntsuas T cell cov lus teb txwv tsis pub txiav txim siab qhov tseeb ntawm T cell tiv thaiv kab mob thaum kuaj xyuas kev tiv thaiv pej xeem loj.Thaum ntau qhov kev lag luam tag nrho cov ntshav peptide stimulation assays tau dhau los ua muaj, txhua tus tam sim no xav tau tus kws kho mob phlebotomist kom tau txais ntshav, txwv tsis pub muaj thiab teev.Capillary ntshav systems tau dav siv los txiav txim siab qhov muaj ntau ntawm SARS-CoV-2 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov neeg.Peb tau hloov kho cov tshuaj capillary ntshav los ua tag nrho cov ntshav peptide stimulation assays los ntsuas T cell reactivity rau SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins thiab SARS-CoV-2 cov lus teb tshwj xeeb antibody.Qhov tseeb, kev ntsuas sib xyaw ua ke ntawm SARS-CoV-2-cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab T hlwb hauv tib cov ntshav capillary yog qhov txaus nyiam heev: (i) txo qhov xav tau ntau yam kev kuaj ntshav rau ib tus neeg koom, (ii) txhim kho cov neeg koom nrog kev paub thiab kev nkag siab;(iii) txhim kho logistics thiab txo qhov kev sib tw, (iv) txo cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig raws li kev sim khoom siv tsawg dua thiab cov qauv xa tuaj.Txawm hais tias tag nrho IFN-γ reactivity zoo ib yam ntawm cov qauv ntshav venous thiab capillary, nws tau pom tias qis dua hauv cov ntshav capillary ntawm cov neeg koom (Fig. 4a) piv rau cov ntshav venous cohort (Fig. 2a).IFN-γ muaj ntau qhov kev piav qhia rau qhov kev tshawb pom no, uas yog, ntau tus neeg koom nrog comorbidities xav tau kev kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau raug xaiv rau hauv cov ntshav capillary sampling cohort (Table 1) thiab Viability thiab / lossis kev ua haujlwm ntawm T hlwb tau los ntawm vascular. cov qauv yuav tsis tshua muaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog coj mus rau hauv tus account cov xwm txheej ntawm kev cia mus ntev ntawm cov qauv ua ntej peptide stimulation.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 uas muaj nyob thoob plaws tam sim no muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv kab mob hnyav rau feem ntau cov neeg tau txais hauv 6 lub hlis ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj8.Kev txhawb nqa, txawm hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo uas cuam tshuam rau serological neutralization ntawm SARS-CoV-26,7 variants, T-cell teb elicited los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsiaj qus-hom SARS-CoV-2 tseem reactive heev, raws li 25 lwm tus tau tshwm sim.Cov ntaub ntawv peb nthuav tawm ntawm no qhia tau hais tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntsuas dav dav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob, qhia txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog T-cell tiv thaiv tsis txaus los tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob sai sai thiab pheej kis tus kab mob.Peb kuj tau pom tias ntau tus neeg uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau raug xaiv mus rau hauv capillary cohort muaj cov lus teb tseem ceeb ntawm SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells (thiab N-binding IgG) tsis hais txog kev txhaj tshuaj yav dhau los, uas yuav yog vim muaj kab mob yav dhau los.Tsis yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov tib neeg uas tsim nyog, lawv txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob yuav tsum raug ntsuas raws li lawv qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tam sim no thiab cov kev xaiv uas tau qhia.
Cov kev txwv ntawm txoj kev tshawb no suav nrog kev lees paub tias cov neeg koom nrog tus kheej tshaj tawm tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 tom qab sau cov ntshav los txiav txim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob;Qee tus neeg tuaj koom tuaj yeem muaj tus kab mob asymptomatic thiab tsis tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas PCR thiab / lossis kev kuaj dej sab nraud rau COVID-19.Peb cov ntaub ntawv tseem tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov neeg koom nrog cov tshuaj thaum lub sijhawm kuaj ntshav.Tsis tas li ntawd, vim tias txhua tus ntawm peb cov neeg koom tau tshaj tawm tsuas yog cov tsos mob me me / nruab nrab lossis tsis muaj tsos mob, nws tsis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm peb cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg uas tau kwv yees tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob hnyav thiab mus pw hauv tsev kho mob rau COVID-19.Txawm li cas los xij, muaj CD8 + T cell teb tawm tsam nucleocapsid-cov kab mob tshwj xeeb tsis ntev los no tau cuam tshuam nrog kev tiv thaiv COVID-1926 hnyav.Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas siv ntawm no tsis tau ntsuas T cell cov lus teb rau qhov tshwj xeeb thaum ntxov qhia SARS-CoV-2 cov protein uas tsis yog cov qauv uas tsis ntev los no tau pom tias nyiam nyob hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob uas tau ntsib nrog cov neeg mob.Raws li txoj haujlwm no, muab qhov kev sib kis ntawm cov zej zog sib kis thaum lub sijhawm nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm thiab muaj feem yuav kis tau tus kab mob hauv cov pejxeem, tus naj npawb ntawm SARS-CoV-2 tshwj xeeb T hlwb pom hauv peb cov kev sim kuj zoo li muaj peev xwm tshem tawm.Cov kab mob subclinical hauv peb pawg.Thaum kawg, peb tsis tau ntsuas interleukin 2 ntau lawm los ntawm T hlwb vim tias peb txoj haujlwm yav dhau los tau ua pov thawj pom tsis zoo ntawm SARS-CoV-214-tshwj xeeb T-cell cov lus teb, txawm hais tias IL-2-cov lus teb tshwj xeeb yuav qhia tau tias muaj kev cuam tshuam ua ntej.cells txuam nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob SARS-CoV-211.
Ua ke, cov ntaub ntawv no qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev xav tau rau kev tshawb fawb ntev ntev uas suav nrog SARS-CoV-2-tshwj xeeb T cell cov lus teb rau hauv kev ntsuas ntawm kev tiv thaiv pej xeem.Cov kev siv zog no yuav pab tau los ntawm kev txhim kho cov ntshav capillary tshiab uas ntsuas T-cell teb.
Txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb tau xaiv cov neeg tuaj koom txij Lub Ob Hlis 2021 txog Lub Peb Hlis 2022. Cov pab pawg ntawm cov neeg pub noj qab haus huv (n = 148) uas pub cov ntshav venous feem ntau yog cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm koom nrog hauv Cardiff University's COVID-19 kev pabcuam lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv theem pib hauv Cardiff.Txhua tus neeg koom nrog tsis noj qab haus huv thiab tsis tau tshaj tawm txog kev noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (saib Table 1 rau cov yam ntxwv).Cov pab pawg neeg koom nrog uas pub cov ntshav capillary suav nrog txhua tus neeg pub dawb (hnub nyoog 18+) los ntawm thoob plaws tebchaws Askiv.Nyob nruab nrab ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 24 txog Lub Peb Hlis 14, 2022, 342 tus neeg tuaj koom rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, uas 299 tau xa cov ntshav mus kuaj.Ntau tus neeg tuaj koom tseem tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab / lossis tshaj tawm cov kab mob hnyav, suav nrog cov kab mob autoimmune thiab mob qog noj ntshav (saib Daim duab 1 rau cov yam ntxwv).Txoj kev tshawb no tau txais kev pom zoo rau kev coj ncaj ncees los ntawm Newcastle thiab North Tyneside 2 Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees (ID IRAS: 294246) thiab Cardiff University Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Tshuaj Tshawb Fawb Kev Ncaj Ncees (SREC ref: SMREC 21/01).Txhua tus neeg tuaj koom tau sau ntawv tso cai ua ntej suav nrog.Cov neeg koom tsis tau txais ib qho nyiaj them rau kev koom nrog hauv txoj kev tshawb no.
Cov ntshav venous tau txais los ntawm venipuncture rau hauv 6 lossis 10 ml lithium lossis sodium heparin vacutainers (BD).Cov ntshav capillary tau txais nrog ib tus ntiv tes lancet thiab tom qab ntawd sau rau hauv heparin microcontainers (BD).Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 400 µl ntawm cov ntshav yog xav tau;ib qho qauv tsawg dua li qhov nyiaj no yuav raug tsis lees paub.Lwm yam laj thawj rau kev tsis lees txais cov qauv suav nrog cov coagulation loj heev thiab/los yog hemolysis thiab tsis tuaj yeem khaws cov ntshav plasma rau kev tsom xam (Ntxiv daim duab 5).Tag nrho ntawm 299 cov qauv ntshav capillary muaj rau kev ntsuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, ntawm 270 cov qauv kuj tseem muaj rau kev soj ntsuam cov lus teb T cell.
SARS-CoV-2 cov lus teb tshwj xeeb T cell raug soj ntsuam los ntawm kev siv COVID-19 Immuno-T assay (ImmunoServ Ltd) thiab ua raws li tau piav qhia dhau los 14.Luv luv, ib qho 6 ml lossis 10 ml sodium heparin (BD) venous vacutainer raug coj los ntawm txhua tus neeg koom nrog thiab ua tiav hauv chav kuaj hauv 12 teev ntawm kev sau ntshav.Txawm hais tias feem ntau cov qauv tau ua tiav hauv 24 teev, ib qho 400-600 μl heparinized microbleeding (BD) cov ntshav capillary tau sau hauv 48 teev tom qab kuaj ntiv tes.Kev kuaj ntshav venous thiab/lossis capillary tau raug txhawb nrog cov pas dej peptide cais tshwj xeeb rau SARS-CoV-2 (wild-type variant) raws li tau piav qhia yav dhau los 14.Lub tsev qiv ntawv peptide no muaj 420 15-mer sequences nrog 11 overlapping amino acids spanning tag nrho spike protein (S1 thiab S2) (S; NCBI protein: QHD43416 1), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (NP; NCBI protein: QHD43423 2) thiab membrane (gMlycoprotein) ; NCBI protein: QHD43419 1) coding sequences (hu ua "S-/NP-/M-combinatorial peptide library").Tag nrho cov peptides tau purified rau> 70%, yaj nyob rau hauv sterile dej thiab siv nyob rau hauv ib tug kawg concentration ntawm 0.5 μg / ml ib peptide.Cov qauv tau muab tso rau ntawm 37 ° C rau 20-24 teev.Tom qab ntawd cov raj tau centrifuged ntawm 5000 × g rau 3 feeb thiab ~ 150 µl ntawm cov ntshav tau sau los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm txhua tus qauv ntshav.Khaws cov plasma kuaj ntawm -20 ° C txog li ib hlis ua ntej khiav cytokine/antibody kev soj ntsuam kuaj.
IFN-γ tau ntsuas siv IFN-γ ELISA MAX Deluxe Teeb (BioLegend, tus lej lej 430116) thiab ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia.Tam sim ntawd tom qab kev daws teeb meem (2N H2SO4) tau ntxiv, lub microplate tau nyeem ntawm 450 nm siv BioLegend Mini ELISA phaj nyeem ntawv.IFN-γ tau ntsuas los ntawm tus qauv nkhaus extrapolation siv GraphPad Prism.Cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab qhov ntsuas qis qis ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau sau tseg li 7.8 pg / ml, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas siab ntawm qhov ntsuas tau sau tseg li 1000 pg / ml.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD/S1/S2/N IgG antibodies were measured using Bio-Plex Pro Human IgG SARS-CoV-2 4-plex panel (Bio-Rad, cat. no. 12014634) and labeled as cov neeg tsim khoom cov lus qhia.cov lus qhia.Cov qauv qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov txwv ntawm qhov ntau tau rov ua dua tshiab ntawm 1: 1000 dilution.Qhov nruab nrab fluorescence siv ntawm cov hlaws dai tau ntsuas ntawm Bio-Plex 200 ntsuas (Bio-Rad).Antibody concentrations raug xam los ntawm VIROTROL SARS-CoV-2 single control assay (Bio-Rad) thiab hloov mus rau WHO/NIBSC 20/136 International Reference Standard Units (BAU/mL) siv lub chaw tsim khoom qhov ntsuas ntsuas.
RBD and S1 subunit-specific neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and delta (B.1.617) SARS-CoV-2 lines were measured using the Bio-Plex Pro Human SARS-CoV-2 Variant Neutralization Antibody Kit (Bio -Rad, ntu 12016897), raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia.Ntsuas qhov nruab nrab fluorescence siv ntawm Bio-Plex 200 (Bio-Rad) thiab xam qhov feem pua ​​inhibition (ie, neutralization) siv cov qauv hauv qab no:
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis rau SARS-CoV-2 tau ua raws li tau piav qhia yav dhau los 28.Luv luv, 600 PFU ntawm cov tsiaj qus-hom SARS-CoV-2 tau tsim nrog 3-fold serial dilutions ntawm plasma hauv duplicate rau 1 teev ntawm 37 ° C.Tom qab ntawd cov sib tov tau ntxiv rau VeroE6 hlwb rau 48 teev.Monolayers tau kho nrog 4% paraformaldehyde, permeabilized nrog 0.5% NP-40 thiab incubated rau 1 teev nyob rau hauv thaiv tsis pub (PBS muaj 0.1% tween thiab 3% skimmed mis nyuj).Thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (anti-nucleocapsid 1C7, Stratech) tau muab ntxiv rau kev thaiv tsis pub dhau 1 teev ntawm chav tsev kub.Tom qab ntxuav, ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thib ob (anti-nas IgG-HRP, Pierce) tau ntxiv rau kev thaiv tsis pub dhau 1 teev.Monolayers tau ntxuav, tsim siv Sigmafast OPD thiab nyeem ntawm Clariostar Omega phaj nyeem ntawv.Cov dej tsis muaj tus kab mob, tsis muaj tus kab mob tab sis tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab cov sera normalized uas qhia cov haujlwm nruab nrab tau suav nrog hauv txhua qhov kev sim ua kev tswj hwm.
Kev txheeb cais tau ua tiav hauv GraphPad Prism (version 9.4.1).Qhov zoo ib yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa tau sim siv Shapiro-Wilk test.Cov qauv tsis yog parametric tau siv rau txhua qhov kev sib piv.Qhov kev xeem Mann-Whitney tau siv rau cov qauv tsis sib xws.Txhua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas yog ob sab nrog lub npe tseem ceeb ntawm P ≤ 0.05.
Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav thawj zaug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau ua tiav hauv R (version 4.0.3).Qhov no suav nrog kev txhim kho ntawm Spearman's univariate rank correlation matrix, qhov twg qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob qhov sib txawv yog sawv cev los ntawm qhov loj thiab xim ntawm cov squares.Kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov koom haum tau suav nrog Spearman's rho, qhov twg tus nqi ≤0.05 tau suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb.Cov kev sib piv uas tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tau raug cais tawm ntawm cov matrix thiab cim nrog cov hlwb dawb.P-tus nqi raug kho rau ntau qhov kev sib piv siv Holm txoj kev kho.Tus qauv binary logistic regression tau siv los simulate cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov lus teb zoo rau COVID-19.IFN-γ T cell teb thiab anti-RBD / S1 / S2 / N IgG titer cov qhab nia tau hloov mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, qhov twg txhua tus neeg raug muab rau qhov tsim nyog quartile rau txhua tus qhab nia.Tom qab ntawd, tus qauv tshawb fawb thawj zaug tau tsim los siv glm muaj nuj nqi hauv pob ntawv txheeb cais (V4.0.3).Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv tau muab los ntawm tus qauv qub no tau muab rho tawm los ntawm cov coefficients ntawm tus qauv siv 'odds_plot' muaj nuj nqi hauv OddsPlotty pob (V1.0.2).Thaum tsim cov qauv hla kev siv tau, peb siv qhov "bestglm" muaj nuj nqi los ntawm pob khoom zoo tshaj plaws (V0.37.3) txhawm rau txwv cov neeg siv kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab xyuas kom meej tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg twv yuav raug xaiv.Txoj kev xaiv yog "tag nrho" thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv los ntsuas tus qauv haum yog AIC.Tib qhov kev ua haujlwm tau piav qhia saum toj no tau siv los ua kom tau qhov sib txawv.
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog kev tsim qauv, saib Nature study abstract linked to this article.
Cov ntawv thiab thov cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum raug xa mus rau Dr. Martin Scarr lossis xibfwb Andrew Godkin.Kab lus no muab cov ntaub ntawv qub.
R code siv los tsim cov qauv kev txheeb cais tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem yam tsis tau thov29.Rov luam cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntawv tso cai tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntawm www.nature.com/reprints.
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